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A plant disease is caused by a pathogen such as a virus, bacteria, fungus, or nematode. Pathogens can directly damage plants through feeding, inject toxins, or allow secondary infections. Common plant disease pathogens include viruses like Tobacco Mosaic Virus which cause mosaic patterns on leaves, fungi like Botrytis which cause grey molds, and nematodes like root-knot nematodes which form tumors on roots and weaken plants. Disease transmission occurs through water, insects, humans, infected seeds or soil, and environmental conditions can influence disease development. Cultural and chemical controls can help cure or avoid plant diseases.
A plant disease is caused by a pathogen such as a virus, bacteria, fungus, or nematode. Pathogens can directly damage plants through feeding, inject toxins, or allow secondary infections. Common plant disease pathogens include viruses like Tobacco Mosaic Virus which cause mosaic patterns on leaves, fungi like Botrytis which cause grey molds, and nematodes like root-knot nematodes which form tumors on roots and weaken plants. Disease transmission occurs through water, insects, humans, infected seeds or soil, and environmental conditions can influence disease development. Cultural and chemical controls can help cure or avoid plant diseases.
A plant disease is caused by a pathogen such as a virus, bacteria, fungus, or nematode. Pathogens can directly damage plants through feeding, inject toxins, or allow secondary infections. Common plant disease pathogens include viruses like Tobacco Mosaic Virus which cause mosaic patterns on leaves, fungi like Botrytis which cause grey molds, and nematodes like root-knot nematodes which form tumors on roots and weaken plants. Disease transmission occurs through water, insects, humans, infected seeds or soil, and environmental conditions can influence disease development. Cultural and chemical controls can help cure or avoid plant diseases.
injurious abnormality • A pathogen is any biological agent that causes an injurious abnormality Plant diseases • There are 4 types of commonly recognized pathogens – Virus – Bacteria – Fungi – nematodes Signs and Symptoms • Symptom is the plants response to attack by a pathogen • Sign is structures produced by the organism ( spore producing structures, mycelium) Virus
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
TMV TMV Virus symptoms • Unthrifty plants – Slow to grow – Mosaic light spots and stripes Aster Yellows Acts like a virus but is a mycoplasma Virus indexing • If you are buying cloned plants they will often say Virus Indexed. • That means they are tested and proven to be virus free. • very important when buying raspberry plants or strawberry plants Bacteria- fire blight Fire Blight Bacterial symptoms • Rapid spread, can be spread by wind or insects,humans • Soft rots producing snotty oooz • Can be really smelly Fungi
Botrytis – Grey Mold
Fungus Fungus • Signs: mycelium, fruiting bodies • Symptoms: necrotic areas, wilt when fungus attacks the roots • Phloem blockage, xylem blockage Nematodes • Root Knot Nematode Nematodes • Feed on roots and allow secondary infections • Cause small tumors on roots • Damage to plants by fungi bacteria and nematodes can be classified in 3 types – Direct damage by feeding – Toxins injected into the plant – From secondary infections that enter via the physical damage caused by the primary agent Crop infesting diseases are troublesome because they will continue to reproduce and feed UNTIL
• 1. The food is used up
• 2. the environment becomes unfavorable • 3. they are destroyed by some predator/ disease Disease transmission • Water is necessary for fungus infection • Insects • Humans • Infected seed • Infected soil – brought in on shoes or tractor tires Curing or avoiding plant disease? • Any of the previous factors can be interrupted • Cultural control – Roguing, sanitation, plowing plant refuse under, stirring the soil to expose egg masses, keep plants healthy, avoid smoking, regulate pH, hot water treatment of seed, • Chemical control What are those letters? • · V Verticillium Wilt Virus • · F Fusarium Wilt Virus • · N Nematodes • · T, TMV, ToMV Tomato Mosaic Virus • · BSK Bacterial Speck • · ST Stemphyllium (Grey Leaf Spot) • · FCR Fusarium Crown Rot