Electromagnetic Field Interference In

Buried Pipelines

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v at is Electromagnetic Field Interference?
V Every current carrying conductor produces its own
electrostatic and electromagnetic field around its
surrounding w ic in turn induces voltage on t e
ot er conductors in t eir field.
V Installation of pipelines w ic are considered as
electric conductors near ig voltage transmission
lines can result in EMF interference.
 ›ypes of EMF Interference in Buried
Pipelines

›ypes of EMF interference in pipelines are

V Electrostatic or capacitive interference

V Resistive or o mic interference
V Electromagnetic or inductive interference
 Electrostatic or Capacitive Interference

V › is occurs due to t e capacitive nature between t e

transmission line and t e pipeline t at acts as two plates of
capacitor.
V › e pipeline picks up a voltage relative to t e soil, w ic is
proportional to t e voltage in t e transmission line.
V › e pipeline must be grounded well if t e transmission line
exceeds over 115kv.
V › is electrostatic coupling is of minor consequences, since
because of better pipeline coating and effective grounding
for electrostatic c arge
 Resistive or O mic Interference
V › is occurs w en t e lig tening strikes t e transmission
structures or w en t ere is a p ase ground fault.
V Due to t is a voltage cone is created near t e pylon grounding
system w ic in turn gets in to t e pipeline
V At t is time any one touc ing t e pipeline will get s ock
irrespective of distance and grounding.
V Protective measures s ould be taken in case:
V For long term interference ± 65 volt
V For s ort term interference ± 1000 volt
 Electromagnetic or inductive
interference
V It occurs due to parallel routing wit t ree-p ase
ig voltage AC transmission lines.
V › e voltage is induced due to any p ase imbalance
in t e lines and magnetic coupling wit pipelines.
V › is type of interference olds t e major problem in
t e pipeline like safety, corrosion, etc
 Comparison of EMF interference
V › e touc voltage is a defined quantity only w en t e pipeline
is present along t e transmission line profile, else w ere, it as
been set to zero.
V For t e o mic interference, t e curves reac es a peak at eac
tower location , w ere t e current flows in to t e eart .
V › e inductive interference decreases wit increasing distance
from center of t e pipe but peaks at t e pipe bending point.
V › e inductive component is greater in magnitude and extent
t an t e o mic component.
 Evaluation of EMF interference

› e steps t at are involved are,

V Gat er background information.
V Develop a plan.
V Select t e proper tools.
V Conduct t e investigation.
V Analyze t e data and locate t e source.
V Select a solution.
V Verify solution performance
 Effects of t e EMF interference

› e effects of t e interference in pipelines are

m Safety of t e pipeline personnel,

m Induced AC corrosion in pipelines,
m Damage to a material connected to pipe.
 Safety Consideration: NACE SP0177
V All personnel must be aware of and recognize t e potential
s ock azards and be trained in t e approved safety procedures
V During construction, above ground sections can be made safe
wit a simple temporary grounding and bonding.
V varning signs s ould be posted and RED ZONES clearly
designated, including at electrical power system crossings.
V Bot NACE SP0177 and CAN/CSA-C22.3 No.6-M91
recognize 15 V as a potential s ock azard.
V C eck t e weat er forecast prior to beginning work and it
s ould be stopped w en lig tning activity is present.
V Always treat t e pipeline and appurtenances as a live
conductor.
 Effect of AC Current During Contact

Remove is ands Muscular control is lost ›rouble inbreat ing

Needs medico
Do and Dont¶s in t e Pipeline Operation
 Some Codes ›o Follow
V NACE SP0177-³Mitigation of Alternating Current and
Lig tning Effects on Metallic Structures and Corrosion
Control Systems´.
V CAN/CSA-C22.3 No. 6-M91,-³Principles and Practices of
Electrical Coordination Between Pipelines and Electric
Supply Lines´.
V EPRI Report EL-4147-V1-³Utility Corridor Design:
›ransmission Lines, Railroads, and Pipelines, Vol.
1:Engineering Analyses and Site Study´.
V ANSI/IEEE Standard C2, ³National Electrical Safety Code
(NESC)´ Rule 232C 1c
 Induced AC Corrosion In Pipelines
V AC Corrosion is a corrosion induced in t e pipelines due to
t e induced ac current w ic are grounded t roug t e
small coating defects aving low resistance pat .
V › e factors influencing AC corrosion are
' Location of AC transmission line,
' Small coating defects in t e pipeline coating,
' Low soil resistivity at t ese defects,
' Hig AC current density at t e defects.
V According to t e researc its found t at AC corrosion
occurs wit induced voltages as low as 4V in t e pipeline.
 á

V Generally t e AC current c ooses t e very small coating
defects wit low soil resistivity to disc arge to ground
V From t e researc its found t at AC corrosion takes place at
a current density of
' 20 A/m2 ± monitor t e situation,
' 100 A/m2 ± possibility of corrosion, mitigation measures
as to be taken,
' 150 A/m2 ± distinct possibility of corrosion, mitigation is
essential.
AC Corrosion s owing Pitting on a
Pipeline
 Prevention of AC corrosion
V › is type of corrosion will see for low resistivity pat in
defects and if t ere is no defects it will adjoin in ot er kinds
of corrosion and increase t eir rates so t ey s ould be
prevented.
V In recent years t e pipelines are well coated wit small
defects for grounding t ose currents.
V › e grounding s ould be done provided along t e lengt of
t e pipeline properly
V Near t e transmission lines care s ould be taken.
V Frequent measurement of t e induced current s ould be
taken and if any s ock is acquired it s ould be notified to
safety engineers.
› ank you