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Diode Circuits
2.1 Rectifier Circuits
AC-DC Converter
v I N1
Ideal transformer relation
vS N 2
N2 N1
vS v I Transformer turns ratio
N1 N2
v0 vs vD
v D vs
R iD vs vD → iD
R R
When input signal is
2.1.1 Half wave Rectifier
vD vs vB 0.7V v
vs vB v
The Full-Wave Rectifier inverts the negative portions of the sine wave
so that a unipolar output signal is generated during both halves of the
input sinusoid.
The turns ratio of the transformer can be designed to “step down” the
input line voltage to a value that will produce a particular dc output
voltage from the rectifier.
2.1.2 Full-Wave Rectifier
Second, for the bridge circuit, the peak inverse voltage that any
diode must sustain with-out breakdown is only half that of center-
tapped transformer circuit.
Filters
Filter capacitor
T'
Vripple VM VM 1
RC
T'
Vripple VM
RC
Ex)
Determine the capacitance required to yield a particular ripple
voltage. Consider a full-wave rectifier circuit with a 60Hz input
signal and a peak output voltage of Vm = 10V. Assume the
output load resistance is R = 10K and the ripple voltage it to be
limited to 0.2 V.
T' 10
C VM 41.7 F
RVripple 2 60 10 K 0.2
2.1.4 Detectors
Proper operations of this circuit, diode must remain in the breakdown region
and the power dissipation in the diode must not exceed its rated value
2.2.1 Ideal Voltage Reference Circuit
V ps Vz
II
Ri
V ps Vz
IZ IL
Ri
V ps Vz V ps Vz
Ri
II Iz IL
V ps (max) Vz V ps (min) Vz
Ri
I z (max) I L (min) I z (min) I L (max)
2.2.1 Ideal Voltage Reference Circuit
V ps (max) Vz V ps (min) Vz
Ri
I z (max) I L (min) I z (min) I L (max)
I Z (max)
I L (max) V ps (max) V z I L (min) V ps (min) V z
V ps (min) 0.9V z 0 .1V ps (max)
Then, PD (rating) I z (max) Vz
2.2.1 Ideal Voltage Reference Circuit
I Z (max)
I L (max) V ps (max) V z I L (min) V ps (min) V z
V ps (min) 0 .9V z 0.1V ps (max)
PZ 9V 0.3 2.7W
0.1 13.6 9 0 11 9
I Z (max) 0 .3 A 11 9
11 0.9 9 0.1 13.6 Ri 15.3
0.3 0.1
2.2.2 Zener Resistance and Percent Regulator
For IL=0
13.6 9
Iz 0.2659A
15.3 2
VL 9 (2)(0.2659) 9.532V
When I L 100mA
(load unknown)
13.6 V V 9
100mA
15.3 2
V 9.35V
9.53 9.35
Load regulator 100% 1.89%
9.35
2.3 clipper and clamper circuits
2.3.1 Clippers
Clipper circuit are used to eliminate portions of a signal that are above
or below a specified level. Example half-wave rectifier.
Examples
2.3.1 Clippers
Examples
2.3.2 Clamper circuits
Capacitor voltage
2.4 Multiple-Diode Circuits
Multiple diode circuits can be used to perform logic functions.
2.4.1 Example Diode Circuits
Two-diode circuit,
there are four
possible states
v0 V iR1 R1
V V V
iR1
R1 R2
D2 off
D1 on
D2 on
D1 D2 on Voltage transfer
D1 off
characteristics for the two-
diode circuit
2.4.2 Diode Logic Circuits
0 0 0 0 0 0
AND gate
V1 V2 V0 I1 I2 I
5 5 5 0 0 0
2.5 Photodiode and LED Circuit
I ph e A
is the quantum efficiency
e is the electric charge
is the photon flux
A is the area
2.5.2 LED Circuit
a) C1 is charged to Vm
b) When Vs ↓, C1 discharges to C2 and R
c) Terminal 2 of C2 is high as Vm
d) Polarity changes
e) Vm+Vm=2Vm