Department of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name : Y.Venkateswara Rao
Designation : Head of Section
Branch : Civil Engineering
Institute : Govt. Polytechnic, Visakhapatnam
Semester : IV Semester
Subject : Construction Practice
Sub code : C406
Topic : MASONRY
Duration : 50 min
Teaching Aids : PPT, Sketches, Photographs
Revised by : GVVL Satyanarayana
9C406.14 1
 Objectives
Upon completion of this period, you will be able state

• Types of Ashlar Masonry

• Ashlar Block In Course Masonry

• Ashlar Facing

• Principles in stone masonry

9C406.14 2
Recap

In the previous period, we discussed

• Different types of Rubble Masonry

9C406.14 3
 Ashlar Masonry
• Square or rectangular blocks of stones used

• Courses are not necessary of same height

• Height of stones varies from 25cm to 30cm

• Length of stone shouldn't exceed three times the

height

• Depth of stone into the wall should be equal to half

the height

9C406.14 4
 Types of Ashlar Masonry
Following are the types of Ashlar masonry

• Ashlar fine masonry

• Ashlar rough tooled masonry
• Ashlar rock or quarry faced masonry
• Ashlar chamfered masonry
• Ashlar block in course masonry
• Ashlar facing

9C406.14 5
Ashlar Fine Masonry

Fig. (5)

9C406.14 6
 Ashlar Fine Masonry

• Beds, sides and faces are finely chisel dressed

• Stones are properly bonded

• Thickness of mortar joint 3mm

• This masonry gives perfectly smooth appearance but

costly

9C406.14 7
Ashlar Fine Masonry

Fig. (6)
9C406.14 8
 Ashlar Rough Tooled Masonry
• The beds and sides are finely chisel-dressed

• Face is made rough by means of tools

• 25mm wide strip is provided around the perimeter by

chisel of every exposed stone for view

• Thickness of mortar joint 6mm

• It is also known as the bastered ashlar

9C406.14 9
 Ashlar Rock (or) Quarry Faced Masonry

• 25mm wide strip is provided around the perimeter by

chisel of every exposed stone for view

• Remaining left as obtained from quarry

• Bushings exceeding 80mm removed by hammer

• Gives massive appearance

9C406.14 10
Ashlar Chamfered Masonry

Fig. (7)
9C406.14 11
 Ashlar Chamfered Masonry
• 25mm wide strip is provided around the perimeter

• The strip is chamfered or beveled at an angle of 45o .

by chisel for a depth of 25mm

• Another strip 12mm wide provided on remaining

exposed portion

• Remaining portion kept as received from quarry

• Large bushings removed by hammer

9C406.14 12
 Ashlar Block In Course Masonry
• An intermediate type between rubble and ashlar
masonry

• Faces hammer dressed

• Mortar joint 6mm

• Depth of course 20cm to 30cm

• Used for heavy works like retaining walls etc

9C406.14 13
Ashlar Facing

Fig. (1)
9C406.14 14
 Ashlar Facing

• Facing in Ashlar masonry

• Backing may be in brick masonry, rubble masonry or

concrete masonry

• Facing stones are rough tooled or chamfered

• Bonding stone extends for full width of wall

9C406.14 15
 Safe Permissible loads In Stone Masonry

• Coursed rubble (granite) in cement mortar - 880 kN/m2.

• Random rubble (granite) in cement mortar - 880 kN/m2

• Ashlar (granite) in cement mortar – 2200 kN/m2

• Ashlar block in course – 1320 kN/m2

9C406.14 16
 Principles in the construction of stone
masonry

1) Stones used shall be hard, durable and tough.

2) Stones used should be as per the specifications.

3) All stones should be laid on their natural bed.

4) They should be well-watered.

5) Stones should be dressed as per specifications.

9C406.14 17
 Principles in the construction of stone
masonry
6) Construction of stone masonry should be carried out in
proper bond with number of through stones.
7) The bond stones (through) and headers should not be
of a dumb-bell shape.
8) Large flat stones should be laid under the ends girders,
roof trusses.
9) Mortar in stone masonry should be of good quality and
as per specifications.
10)Formation of continuous vertical joints should be
avoided.
9C406.14 18
 Principles in the construction of
stone masonry
11) Stone masonry should be raised uniformly.

12) Otherwise stepping or toothing should be provided as shown

below

Fig. 2
9C406.14 19
 Principles in the construction of stone
masonry contd…
13)Double scaffolding should be opted for work at higher
levels.
14)Verticality of the wall should be checked by plumb bob.
15)Stone masonry should not be designed to take tensile
stresses.
16)Use of small stone chips or broken stones should be
avoided.
17)It should be cured for 2 to 3 weeks.
9C406.14 20
 Principles in the construction of stone
masonry
18) Hearting of the stone masonry should be properly
packed with chips and mortar to avoid hollow and thick
joints.
19)Quoins used to form the jambs for doors and windows
should be of full height of the course
20) Masonry when started over dry and old masonry, the
surface should be cleaned by raking old mortar and
wetted.
9C406.14 21
Summary

In this period, you have learnt

• Ashlar masonry
• Ashlar facing
• Principles in stone masonry

9C406.14 22
 Quiz

1) Intermediate type between rubble and Ashlar

masonry is called

a. Quarry faced.

b. Ashlar chamfered.

c. Rough tooled finish.

d. Ashlar block.

9C406.14 23
 Quiz

2) Masonry in which facing is with stone and backing

is with rubble masonry, brick or concrete is called

a. Ashlar fine

b. Rough tooled

c. Ashlar block

d. Ashlar facing

9C406.14 24
 Quiz

3) ______ is a composite masonry

a. Ashlar block.

b. Ashlar facing.

c. Ashlar fine.

d. Ashlar tooled.

9C406.14 25
 Frequently Asked Questions

1) Explain the following ashlar masonry with sketches.

a. Ashlar block

b. Ashlar facing

2) Explain principles involved in stone masonry.

9C406.14 26