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nanohub.org/resources/9002/.../Renewable_Energy_Sources.ppt
Renewable Energy
Solar Power
Wind Power
Water Power
Biomass Power
Geothermal Power
Solar Power
one of the clean and renewable sources of energy.
In ancient history humans used the solar energy in drying
products and warming houses.
© Bill Timmerman/NREL
SOLAR CELLS
Solar cells (or photocells) turn light energy from
the Sun directly into direct current electricity.
Wind Power
Methane is biogas
which can be used a
replacement for
natural gas. It is
produced in anaerobic
digesters by rotting
animal waste and often
found on remote
© California Polytechnic State University/NREL farms, such as this
digester on a pig farm.
Geothermal Power
In rocks under the ground,
radioactive decay of elements,
such as uranium, releases heat
energy that warm the rocks.
In some areas, hot water and
steam rise to the surface.
Demand
Consumption
http://earthtrends.wri.org/
30
Water Classification
According to Total Dissolved SolidsTDS
Water TDS mg/L
Potable water < 1000
Low salinity brackish water 1000 ~ 5000
High salinity brackish water 5000 ~ 15000
Seawater 15000 ~ 50000
Brine Solution > 50000
DESALINATION
Desalination means you are desalting water, like
turning sea water into fresh water
Saline
Water
Fresh
Energy Water
Desalting Device
Brine
Desalination = Removal of Salts & production of fresh water
DISTILLATION
Distillation means you are distilling water,
like turning impure fresh water into clean or
distilled fresh water.
Distilled
Water
Fresh
Energy Water
Distillation Device
Impurities 33
Desalination
• Desalination is not just the
removal of sodium chloride
(salt) from brackish or salt
water.
• It can virtually remove any
mineral and organic chemical
compounds.
Desalination Importance
• Important for clean, pure drinking water.
• Good method to obtained fresh water.
• Simple technology, simple in design and fabrication.
• Low operation and maintenance cost.
Desalination Process
• The heat of the sun
evaporates water from
the earth's surface into
the atmosphere, leaving
impurities behind.
• The vapor cools, it
condenses and falls back to
earth as rain, snow or other
forms of precipitation. It is
called hydrological cycle.
Five countries (Saudi Arabia,
USA, UAE, Spain and Kuwait)
share more than 60% of the
world production capacity of
desalinated water
Types of Solar Still
• Single Effect Basin Solar Still
• Double Basin Solar Still
• Multi-basin Stepped Solar Still
• regenerative solar still
• Multiple Effect Diffusion Solar Still
• Chimney Type Solar Still
• Multi-Tray Multiple Effect Solar Still
• Humidification Dehumidification Distiller
• Multistage Flash Distiller
Single Basin Solar Still (Conventional)
37
Double Basin Solar Still 38
Parabolic Solar Concentrator
39
Solar Still Integrated with Fins
40
Schematics of the regenerative solar still
41
Schematic diagram of triple basin solar still
42
A schematic diagram of cascade solar still
43
Solar Still Coupled with Collector
44
Spherical Solar Still 45
Tubular Solar Still 46
Double Slope Solar Still 47
Concave Wick Solar Still
48
Main Problems of Solar Still
• Low distillate output per unit area
• Leakage of vapor through joints
• High maintenance
• Productivity not constant
• Cost per unit output is very high