NSCP Seismic Design

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING DESIGN Engr. Katherine Shayne D.
Yee,
CE, ME-1
MANUAL (BASED ON NSCP 2015)

18/04/2018 PREPARED BY: KSDY 1
Occupancy Importance Soil Profile Seismic Zone Near Source
Seismic Zone 4
Category Factors Types Factors Factor, Na
(Table 103-1) (Table 208-1) (Table 208-2) (Table 208-3) (Table 208-4)
Compute Seismic Zone 2

Earthquake Load
Near Source
Factor, Nv
(Table 208-5)
Structural Systems Seismic Seismic

Compute Base
Coefficient, R Coefficient, Cv Coefficient, Ca
Shear
(Table 208-11A,B,C) (Table 208-8) (Table 208-7)

OCCUPANCY CATEGORIES (TABLE 103-1)
OCCUPANCY CATEGORY OCCUPANCY OR FUNCTION OF STRUCTURE
 Occupancies having surgery and emergency treatment areas.
 Fire and Police Stations
 Garages, Shelters for emergency Vehicles, and emergency aircraft
 Structures and Shelters in Emergency Preparedness Centers
 Aviation Control Towers
 Structures and Equipment in Communication Centers and other
facilities required for emergency response
I – Essential Facilities  Facilities for standby power-generating equipment for Category I
structures
 Tanks or other structures containing housing or supporting water or
other fire suppression material or equipment required for the
protection of Category I, II, and III structures
 Public School Buildings
 Hospitals, and
 Designated Evacuation Centers

 Occupancies and structures housing or supporting toxic or
II – Hazardous explosive chemicals or substances
Facilities  Non-building structures storing, supporting or containing quantities
of toxic or explosive substances

 Single Story School Buildings
 Buildings with an assembly room with an occupant capacity of
1,000 or more
 Educational buildings such as museums, libraries, auditorium with a
capacity of 300 or more students,
 Buildings used for college or adult education with a capacity of
III-Special Occupancy 500 or more students
Structures  Institutional Buildings with 50 or more students
 Mental hospitals, sanitariums, jails, prison and other buildings
where personal liberties of inmates are similarly restrained
 All structures with an occupancy of 5,000 or more persons
 Structures and equipment in power-generating stations, and other
public utility facilities not included in Category I or II and required
for continued operation

 All Structures housing occupancies or having functions not listed in
IV- Standard
Category I, II, or III and Category V.
Occupancy Structures
 Private garages, carports, sheds and fences over 1.5m high

V – Miscellaneous
Structures

207.4.2 OCCUPANCY CATEGORIES
Table 208-1 – Seismic Importance Factors
SEISMIC IMPORTANCE FACTOR,
OCCUPANCY CATEGORY1 SEISMIC IMPORTANCE FACTOR, I
Ip
I. Essential Facilities3 1.50 1.50
II. Hazardous Facilities 1.25 1.50
III. Special Occupancy 1.00 1.00
Structures4
IV. Standard Occupancy 1.00 1.00
Structures4
V. Miscellaneous Structures 1.00 1.00
1 See Table 103-1 for occupancy category listing
2 The limitation of Ip for panel connections in section 208.8.2.3 shall be 1.0 for the entire connector
3 Structural observation requirements are given in section 107.9
4 For anchorage of machinery and equipment required for life-safety systems, the value of Ip shall be
taken as 1.5.

208.4.3 SITE GEOLOGY AND SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
Soil profile type will be based on geotechnical data
Exceptions: When the soil properties are not known in sufficient detail to determine
the soil profile type, Type SD shall be used.

208.4.3.1 SOIL PROFILE TYPE
Soil profile types SA, SB, SC, SD, and SE are defined in table 208-2.
Type SF is defined as soils requiring site specific evaluation as follows:
Soil vulnerable to potential failure or collapse under seismic loading, such as liquefiable soils, quick and
highly sensitive clays, and collapsible weakly cemented soils
Peats and/or highly organic clays, where the thickness of peat or highly organic clay exceeds 3.0m
Very high plasticity clays with plasticity index, PI>75, where the depth of clay exceeds 7.5m
Very thick soft/medium stiff clay, where the depth of clay exceeds 35m.

TABLE 208-2 – SOIL PROFILE TYPES
SOIL PROFILE SHEAR WAVE
SOIL PROFILE SPT, N (blows/300 Undrained Shear
NAME/GENERIC VELOCITY, Vs
TYPE mm) Strength Sv (kPa)
DESCRIPTION (m/s)
SA Hard Rock > 1500
SB Rock 760 to 1500

Very Dense Soil
SC 360 to 760 > 50 > 100
and Soft Rock
SD Stiff Soil Profile 180 to 360 15 to 50 50 to 100
SE1 Soft Soil Profile < 180 < 15 < 50
SF Soil requiring site-specific evaluation. See section 208.4.3.1

1 Soil Profile Type SE also includes any soil profile with more than 3.0 m of soft clay defined as a
soil with plasticity index, PI>20, WMC ≥ 40% and Su < 24 kPa. The plasticity index, PI, and
moisture content, WMC, shall be determined in accordance with approved national standards.
208.4.3.1.1.2.1 VS, AVERAGE SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY

208.4.3.1.1.2.2 N, AVERAGE FIELD STANDARD PENETRATION RESISTANCE AND NCH,
AVERAGE STANDARD PENETRATION RESISTANCE FOR COHESIONLESS SOIL LAYERS

208.4.3.1.1.2.3 SU, AVERAGE UNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTH

TABLE 208-3 – SEISMIC ZONE FACTOR Z
Zone 2 4
Z 0.20 0.40

TABLE 208-4 SEISMIC SOURCE TYPES1
Seismic Source Definition
Seismic Source Type Seismic Source Description
Max. Magnitude Moment, M
Faults that are capable of producing
A large magnitude events and that have 7.0 ≤ M ≤ 8.4
a high rate of seismic activity
B All faults other than types A and C 6.5 ≤ M < 7.0
Faults that are not capable of
producing large magnitude
C M < 6.5
earthquakes and that have a
relatively low rate of seismic activity
1 Subduction sources shall be evaluated on a site-specific basis.

SEC 208.4.4.3 SEISMIC ZONE 4 NEAR-SOURCE FACTOR
In seismic Zone 4, each site shall be assigned near-source factors in accordance with
tables 208-5 and 208-6 based on the seismic source type.
The value of Na used to determine Ca need not to exceed 1.1 for structures complying
with all the following conditions:
The Soil profile is Sa, Sb, Sc, or Sd.
Ρ=1.0
Except in single story structures, residential building accommodating 10 or fewer
persons, private garages, carports, sheds and agricultural buildings, moment frame
systems designated as part of the lateral-force-resisting system shall be special
moment-resisting frame

TABLE 208-5 NEAR SOURCE FACTOR NA Notes for Tables 208-4 and
208-5:
1 The Near-Source Factor
Seismic Closest Distance to Known Seismic Source1 may be based on the linear
Source interpolation of values for
Type ≤ 2 km ≤ 5 km ≥ 10 km
distances other than those
shown in the table
A 1.5 1.2 1.0
2 The closest distance to
B 1.3 1.0 1.0 seismic source shall be
taken as the minimum
C 1.0 1.0 1.0
distance between the site
and the area described by
TABLE 208-6 NEAR SOURCE FACTOR NV the vertical projection of
the source on the surface
Seismic Closest Distance to Known Seismic Source2 (i.e. surface projection of
the fault plane). The surface
Source
≤ 2 km ≤ 5 km 10 km ≥ 15 km projection need not include
Type portions of the source at
A 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 depths of 10km or greater.
The largest value of the
B 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0 near-source factor
C 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 considering all sources
18/04/2018
shall be used PREPARED
for design.
BY: KSDY 19
TABLE 208-7 SEISMIC COEFFICIENT, CA
Seismic Zone, Z
Soil Profile Type
Z = 0.2 Z = 0.4
Sa 0.16 0.32Na
Sb 0.20 0.40Na
Sc 0.24 0.40Na
Sd 0.28 0.44Na
Se 0.34 0.44Na
Sf See Footnote 1 of table 208-8

TABLE 208-8 SEISMIC COEFFICIENT, CV
Seismic Zone, Z
Soil Profile Type
Z = 0.2 Z = 0.4
Sa 0.16 0.32Na
Sb 0.20 0.40Na
Sc 0.32 0.56Na
Sd 0.40 0.64Na
Se 0.64 0.96Na
Sf See Footnote 1 of table 208-8
1 Site specific geotechnical investigation and dynamic site response analysis shall be
performed to determined seismic coefficients

208.4.5 CONFIGURATION REQUIREMENTS
208.4.5.1 Regular Structures
 Regular Structures have no significant physical discontinuities in plan or vertical configuration or
in their lateral-force-resisting systems such as the irregular features described in section 208.4.5.2.
208.4.5.2 Irregular Structures

 Irregular Structures have significant physical discontinuities in configuration or in their lateral-force-
resisting systems. Irregular features include, but are not limited to, those described in tables 208-9
and 208-10. All structures in occupancy categories 4 and 5 in seismic zone 2 need to be
evaluated only for vertical irregularities of type 5 (table 208-9) and horizontal irregularities of
type 1 (table 208-10)
 Structures having any of the features listed in table 208-9 shall be designated as if having a
vertical irregularity.
 Structures having any of the features listed in table 208-10 shall be designated as having a plan
irregularity.

TABLE 208-9 VERTICAL STRUCTURAL IRREGULARITIES
Reference
Irregularity Type and Definitions
Section
1. Stiffness Irregularity – Soft Storey
A soft storey is one in which the lateral
stiffness is less than 70% of that in the 208.4.8.3
storey above or less than 80 percent of Item 2
the average stiffness of the three stories
above.

Reference
Section
2. Weight (Mass) Irregularity
Mass Irregularity shall be considered to
exist where the effective mass of any
208.4.8.3
storey is more than 150% of the
Item 2
effective mass of an adjacent storey. A
roof that is lighter than the floor below
need not be considered

Reference
Section
3. Vertical Geometric Irregularity
Vertical Geometric Irregularity shall be
considered to exist where the horizontal
208.4.8.3
dimension of the lateral-force-resisting
Item 2
system in any storey is more than 130%
of that in an adjacent storey. One-storey
penthouses need not to be considered

Reference
Section
4. In-Plane Discontinuity In Vertical Lateral-
Force-Resisting Element Irregularity
An in-plane offset of the lateral-load- 208.5.8.1.5.1
resisting elements greater than the length
of those elements

Reference
Section
5. Discontinuity In Capacity-Weak Storey
Irregularity
A weak storey is one in which the storey
strength is less than 80% of that in the
208.4.9.1
storey above. The storey strength is the
total strength of all seismic-resisting
elements sharing the storey for the
direction under consideration.

TABLE 208-10 HORIZONTAL STRUCTURAL IRREGULARITIES
Reference
Section
1. Torsional Irregularity – To Be
Considered When Diaphragms Are
Not Flexible
Torsional irregularity shall be
considered to exist when the
208.7.2.7
maximum storey drift, computed
Item 6
including accidental torsion, at one
end of the structure transverse to an
axis is more than 1.2 times the
average of the storey drifts of the
two ends of the structure

Reference
Section
2. Re-Entrant Corner Irregularity
Plan configurations of a structure and
its lateral-force-resisting system
contain re-entrant corners, where both 208.7.2.7
projections of the structure beyond a Item 6 and 7
re-entrant corner are greater than
15% of the plan dimension of the
structure in the given direction

Reference
Section
3. Diaphragm Discontinuity Irregularity
Diaphragms with abrupt
discontinuities or variations in stiffness,
including those having cutout or open
208.7.2.7
areas greater than 50% of the gross
Item 6
enclosed area of the diaphragm, or
changes in effective diaphragm
stiffness of more than 50% from one
storey to the next.

Reference
Section
4. Out-Of-Plane Offsets Irregularity
208.5.8.5.1,
Discontinuities in lateral force path,
208.7.2.7
such as out-of-plane offsets of the
Item 6
vertical elements

Reference
Section
3. Non-Parallel Systems Irregularity
The vertical lateral-load-resisting
elements are not parallel to or
208.7.1
symmetric about the major orthogonal
axes of the lateral force-resisting
systems

TABLE 208-11A EARTHQUAKE-FORCE RESISTING STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OF CONCRETE

TABLE 208-11B EARTHQUAKE-FORCE RESISTING STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OF STEEL

TABLE 208-11B EARTHQUAKE-FORCE RESISTING STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OF STEEL

TABLE 208-11C EARTHQUAKE-FORCE RESISTING STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OF MASONRY

TABLE 208-11D EARTHQUAKE-FORCE RESISTING STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OF WOOD

208.4.8.1 SIMPLIFIED STATIC
The simplified static lateral-force procedure set forth in Section 208.5.1 may be
used for the following structures of Occupancy Category IV or V:
 Buildings of any occupancy (including single-family dwellings) not more than three
stories in height excluding basements that use light-frame constructions.
 Other buildings not more than two stories in height excluding basements.

208.5.1 SIMPLIFIED STATIC FORCE PROCEDURE
208.5.1.1 SIMPLIFIED DESIGN BASE SHEAR
The total design base shear in a given direction shall be determined from the
following equation:
Where the value of Ca is based on table 208-7 for the soil profile type.
When the soil properties are not known in sufficient detail to determine the soil
profile type, type Sd shall be used in Seismic Zone 4, and type Se shall be used in
Seismic Zone 2. In Seismic Zone 4, the Near-Source Factor, Na, need not to be
greater than 1.2 if none of the following structural irregularities are present:
1. Type 1, 4, or 5 of table 208-9
2. Type 1 or 4 of table 208-10

208.5.1.2 VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION
The forces at each level shall be calculated using the following equation:
where the value of Ca shall be based on table 208-7.

208.5.1.3 HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION
The design storey Vx, in any storey is the sum of the forces Ft and Fx above
that storey. Vx shall be distributed to the various elements of vertical lateral force-
resisting system in proportion to their rigidities.
If structure is regular, the mass at each level shall be assumed to be
displaced from the calculated center of mass in each direction a distance equal to
5 percent of the building dimension at that level perpendicular to the direction of
force under consideration.

208.5.1.4 HORIZONTAL TORSIONAL MOMENTS
The torsional design moment at a given storey shall be the moment resulting from
eccentricities between applied design lateral forces at levels above that storey and the
vertical-resisting elements in that storey plus an accidental torsion.
When torsional irregularity exists, as defined in table 208-10, the effects shall be
accounted for by increasing the accidental torsion each level by an amplification factor,
Ax, determined from the following equation:
where;

208.4.8.2 STATIC
The static lateral force procedure of Section 208.5 may be used for the following
structures:
1. All structures regular or irregular in Occupancy Categories IV and V in seismic Zone 2.
2. Regular Structures under 75m in height with lateral force resistance provided by systems
listed in table 208-11, except where section 208.4.8.3, Item 4, applies.
3. Irregular structures not more than five stories or 20m in height.
4. Structures having a flexible upper portion supported on a rigid lower portion where
both portions of the structures considered separately can be classified as being regular,
the average storey stiffness of the lower portion is at least 10 times the average storey
stiffness of the upper portion and the period of the entire structure is not greater than 1.1
times the period of the upper portion considered as a separate structure fixed at the
base.

208.5.2 STATIC FORCE PROCEDURE
208.5.2.1 DESIGN BASE SHEAR
The total design base shear in given direction shall be determined from the
following equations:
The total design base shear need not exceed the following:
The total design base shear shall not be less than the following:
In addition, for Seismic Zone 4, the total base shear shall also not be less than the
following:

208.5.2.2 STRUCTURE PERIOD
The value of T shall be determined from one of the following methods:
I. Method A:
For all buildings, the value of T maybe approximated from the following equation:

208.5.2.2 STRUCTURE PERIOD
Method B:
The fundamental period T may be computed using the following equation:
The values of represent any lateral force distributed approximately in accordance with
the principles of equations. 208-15, 208-16, and 208-17 or any other rational
distribution. The elastic deflections, , shall be calculated using the applied lateral forces,
.
The value of T form Method B shall not exceed a value 30 percent greater than the value
of T obtained from Method A in Seismic Zone 4, and 40 percent in Seismic Zone 2.

208.5.2.3 VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORCE
The total force shall be distributed over the height of the structure in conformance with
equations 208-15, 208-16, and 208-17 in the absence of a more rigorous procedure:
The concentrated force Ft at the top, which is in addition to Fn, shall be determined from
the equation:
Ft need not exceed 0.25V and maybe considered as zero where T Is 0.7seconds or less.

208.5.2.3 VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORCE
The remaining portion of the base shear shall be distributed over the height of the
structure, including level n, according to the following equations:
At each level designated as x, the force Fx shall be applied over the area of the
building in accordance with the mass distribution at that level. Structural displacements and
design seismic forces shall be calculated as the effect of forces Fx and Ft applied at the
appropriate levels above the base.

208.4.8.3 DYNAMIC
The dynamic lateral-force procedure of section 208.5.3 shall be used for all other
structures, including the following:
1. Structures 75m or more in height, except as permitted by section 208.4.8.2, item I.
2. Structure having a stiffness, weight or geometric vertical irregularity of Type 1, 2, or 3,
as defined in table 208-9
3. Structures over five stories or 20m in height in seismic zone 4 not having the same
structural system throughout their height except as permitted by section 208.3.2.
4. Structures, regular or irregular, located on soil profile type Sf, that have a period
greater than 0.7s. The analysis shall include the effects of soils at the site and shall
conform to Section 208.5.3.2, Item 4.

208.5.3 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
208.5.3.4 DESCRIPTION OF ANALYSIS PROCEDURES
Time History Analysis – an analysis of the dynamic response of a structure at each
increment of time when the base is subjected to a specific ground motion time history.
Response Spectrum Analysis – an elastic analysis of a structure utilizing the peak

dynamic response of all modes having a significant contribution to total structural
response.

208.6.1 EARTHQUAKE LOADS
Structures shall be designed for ground motion producing structural response and seismic
forces in any horizontal direction. The following earthquake loads shall be sued in the load
combinations set forth in section 203:
Where:
E = earthquake load on an element of the structure resulting from the combination
of the horizontal component, Eh, and the vertical component, Ev.
Eh = the earthquake load due to the base shear, V, as set forth in section 208.5.2
or the design lateral force, Fp, as set forth in section 208.9
Em = estimated maximum earthquake force that can be developed in the structure
as set forth in section 208.6.1, and used in the design of specific elements of the structure,
as specifically identified in this section.
208.6.1 EARTHQUAKE LOADS
Ev = the load effect resulting from the vertical component of the earthquake
ground motion and is equal to an addition of 0.5CaID to the dead load effect D, for
strength design, and may be taken as zero in Allowable stress design.
Ωo = the seismic force amplification factor that is required to account for structural
overstrength, as set forth in section 208.4.10.1
ρ = Reliability and redundancy factor as given by the following equation:
where:
rmax = the max. element-storey shear ratio. For a given direction of
loading, the element-storey shear ratio of the design storey shear in the most heavilty
loaded single element divided by the total design storey shear.

208.6.3 PΔ EFFECTS
The resulting member forces and moments and the storey drifts induced by PΔ
effects shall be considered in the evaluation of overall structural frame stability and shall
be evaluated using the forces producing the displacements of Δs. PΔ need not to be
considered when the ratio of secondary moment to primary moment does not exceed
0.10; the ratio may be evaluated for any storey as the product of the total dead and
floor live loads, as required in Section 203, above the storey times the seismic shear in that
storey times the height of that storey.
In seismic zone 4, PΔ need not to be considered when the storey drift ratio does not
exceed 0.02/R.

208.6.4 DRIFT
ΔS = Design Level Response Displacement, which is the total drift or total storey drift that
occurs when the structure is subjected to the design seismic forces, mm
ΔM = Max. Inelastic Response Displacement, which is the total dirft or total storey drift
that occurs when the structure is subjected to the Design Basis Ground Motion, including elastic
and inelastic contributions to the total deformation defined in Section 208.6.4.2, mm
The ΔM shall be computed as follows:

208.6.5 STOREY DRIFT LIMITATION
Storey Drift Limitation - displacement of one level relative to the level above or below.
208.6.5.1 Calculated
Calculated storey drift using ΔM shall not exceed 0.025 times the storey height for
structures having a fundamental period of less than 0.70 sec. For structures having a fundamental
period of 0.70 sec or greater, the calculated storey drift shall not exceed 0.20 times the storey
height.

203.3 LOAD COMBINATIONS USING STRENGTH DESIGN

203.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS USING ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN
203.4.1 Basic Load Combination 203.4.1 Alternative Basic Load Combination

203.5 SPECIAL SEISMIC LOAD COMBINATIONS

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EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING DESIGN Engr. Katherine Shayne D.

MANUAL (BASED ON NSCP 2015)

Compute Seismic Zone 2

Structural Systems Seismic Seismic

18/04/2018 PREPARED BY: KSDY 2

18/04/2018 PREPARED BY: KSDY 3

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 Private garages, carports, sheds and fences over 1.5m high

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SA Hard Rock > 1500

SB Rock 760 to 1500

SE1 Soft Soil Profile < 180 < 15 < 50

SF Soil requiring site-specific evaluation. See section 208.4.3.1

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208.4.5.2 Irregular Structures

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where the value of Ca shall be based on table 208-7.

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Response Spectrum Analysis – an elastic analysis of a structure utilizing the peak

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The ΔM shall be computed as follows:

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