Chapter 17

STATIC
ELECTRICITY
page 235 - 239
Presented by:
MR. RYAN C. CABRERA
Bachelor of Science in Physics
Post Baccalaureate in Teacher Education
Master in Educational Management
 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
 An American born is Boston in 1706.
 He believed that lightning (thunder) was a form of
static electricity (also known as electrostatics).
 He was a scientist, politician, printer, economist,
musician, publisher and other various occupation
(job).
 His famous experiment in 1752, most dangerous
activity, flying a kite in a thunderstorm as part of
his investigation and studies of static electricity.
 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN “KITE EXPERIMENT”
 He attached a sharp – pointed metal wire to the top of the kite.
 He expected to draw down (to get) a spark form a lightning bolt.
 To avoid being electrocuted, he included a metal key at the bottom of
the kite string, and attached a length of ribbon (made of cloth) to the
key.
 Holding the ribbon, he was relatively safe from electrocution.
 As a bolt of lightning strike struck the kite, he saw the fibers of the kite
string strand on end and a spark jumped from the key to the ground.
 He noticed that electrical sparks tend to jump from sharp points and
he made use of this when he devised the lightning conductor.
 17.1
CHARGING AND DISCHARGING
 If you rub a plastic ruler with a cloth, both are likely to become
electrically charged. Hold the ruler and the cloth close to your hair –
they attract the some part of the hair or tiny pieces of paper for
alternative.
 Static electricity is generated by rubbing.
 Two basic types of static electricity is positive charge (proton) and
negative charge (electron).
 ATOMS
 Are made up of 3 particles
namely protons, electrons and
neutrons.
 Protons (positively charged
particle). Symbol is p+
 Electrons (negatively charged
particle). Symbol is e-
 Neutrons (neutrally charged
particle). Symbol is n 0
 THREE TYPES OF ELECTRIC CHARGE (STATIC ELECTRICITY )
 Positive Charge + PROTON
 Negative Charge - ELECTRON
 No Charge / Neutral NEUTRON
 17.2
EXPLAINING STATIC ELECTRICITY
FRICTION
 Rubbing of two objects together that produces heat and charging.
 When a polythene rod is rubbed with a silk cloth, electrons are
transferred from silk cloth to the polythene rod.
 Polythene rod becomes negatively charged and silk cloth becomes
positively charged.
 Polythene (also known as polyethylene) – common plastic used in
plastic bags, bottles and many more.
Polythene / Polyethylene rod (rod becomes negatively charged)
when rubbed in a silk cloth.
STATIC ELECTRICITY BY RUBBING (FRICTION)
STATIC ELECTRICITY BY RUBBING (FRICTION)
STATIC ELECTRICITY BY RUBBING (FRICTION)
 CHARGING BY INDUCTION
CHARGING BY INDUCTION involves the movement of electrons in a
neutral object when a charged object is brought close to the neutral
object. The movement occurs WITHOUT DIRECT CONTACT between
objects.
 CHARGING BY INDUCTION (4 Steps)
1. Bring the charged object close to, but not touching, the conductor.
Charge on the conductor shifts in response to the nearby charged
object.
2. Connect the conductor to ground. Ground is basically a charge
reservoir - anything that can give up or receive charge without
noticing the change. Electrons flow from ground to the conductor if
the charged object is positive, and the opposite way if the object is
negative. The conductor now has a net charge with a sign opposite
to the sign on the charged object.
3. Remove the ground connection. The transferred electrons can't get back
to where they came from.
4. Remove the charged object. The net charge distributes itself over the
surface of the conductor.
 TEMPORARY CHARGING BY INDUCTION of Metal Sphere
 When a negatively charged rod is brought close to a neutral metal
rod, the electrons in the neutral rod move to one side of the object.
 The electrons move back when the charged object is removed.
 There is no change in the number of electrons on the object, so
overall the objects remains neutral.
PERMANENT CHARGING BY INDUCTION of Metal Sphere
When you take a temporarily charged object and ground it,
the charged object retains its charge.
 17.3
ELECTRIC FIELDS AND ELECTRIC CHARGE

Electric Field
 A charged object is being surrounded by an electric field.
 Electric field lines are used to represent an electric field.
 Has both magnitude and direction which means it is a vector quantity.
The magnitude can be measured by its effect on charges located in
the field.
 Electric Field
 The direction of an electric field at
any point, by convention, is the
direction of the electrical force on a
small positive test charge.
a. If the charge that sets up the field
is POSITIVE, the field lines points
AWAY from that charge.
b. If the charge that sets up the field
is NEGATIVE, the field lines points
TOWARD that charge.
 ELECTRIC FIELD LINES
(LINES OF FORCE)

1. Field lines around a

single positive charge
goes away from the
charge and extend to
infinity.
 ELECTRIC FIELD LINES
(LINES OF FORCE)

2. Field lines around a

single negative charge
goes towards the
charge.
 ELECTRIC FIELD LINES
(LINES OF FORCE)

3. For a pair of equal but

opposite charges, the field
lines starts (comes out) from
the positive charge and ends
(comes in) on the negative
charge.
 ELECTRIC FIELD LINES
(LINES OF FORCE)

4. Two like charges where the

field lines must never cross
each other.
 ELECTRIC FIELD LINES
(LINES OF FORCE)

5. Two parallel plates with

opposite charges where
field lines starts from
positive plate and ends
to negative plate.
 Electric Charge
 Protons (positively charged particle). Symbol is p+
 The particle is said to be positively charged particle if the number of
protons is higher compared to number of electrons.

 Electrons (negatively charged particle). Symbol is e-

 The particle is said to be negatively charged particle if the number of
protons is lower compared to number of electrons.
 Neutrons (neutrally charged particle). Symbol is n 0
 The particle is said to be neutrally charged particle if the number of
protons is equal to number of electrons.
LAWS and RULES IN ELECTRIC CHARGE