ANALYSIS OF

CONDITIONS
TO PREVENT
ACCIDENT
PREPARED BY:
SANCHEZ, JONATHAN
SUYAT, EDGAR Jr.
VELASQUEZ, BRYAN
 CONCEPTS OF ACCIDENT ANALYSIS

Risk
Risk measurement must be made on the
basis of information regarding the number and
seriousness of injuries that have occurred in the
past, yielding a retrospective measurement.

The risk of injury to individuals may be

described by two types of data:
· Measurement of risk provides a calculated
frequency of injuries and a measurement of the
seriousness of the injury.
This could be described as the number of lost
work day cases (or fatalities) per number of
workers (e.g., in Denmark, the risk of dying in
an occupational accident is 3 fatalities per
100,000 employees).
· Type of risk or element of danger assessment
provides not only an indication of the exposure
sources and other harmful factors which may
cause an accident, but also an indication of the
circumstances leading to injury or damage.
Factors Determining Risk
The factors which are of greatest
relevance in determining risk are:
• factors which determine the presence
or absence (or potential) of risks of
any sort
• factors which either increase or
minimize the probability of these risks
resulting in accidents or injuries
• factors affecting the seriousness of
accidents associated with these risks.
The primary factors in the working environment which
are the direct causes of harm, either by way of
occupational diseases or occupational accidents,
are as follows:

• Exposure sources and occupational

disorders

• Harmful factors and occupational

accidents
Controlling Exposures

• Elimination/substitution safety
measures.

• Technical safety measures

• Organizational safety measures

Controlling Human Conduct

• Knowledge

• The opportunity to act

• The will to act safely

Analysis of Individual Accidents
Analysis of individual accidents has two primary
purposes:

First, it can be used to determine the cause of an

accident and the specific work factors that contributed
to it.

Second, one can gain knowledge which may be used

for analyses of many similar accidents at both the
enterprise level and at more comprehensive (e.g.,
organization-wide or national) levels.
In this connection, it is important to assemble information such
as the following:
• the identity of the workplace and the work itself (that is,
information relating to the sector or the trade in which the
workplace is positioned), and the work processes and the
technology that characterize the work
• the nature and the seriousness of the accident
• factors causing the accident, such as exposure sources, the
way in which the accident occurred and the specific working
situation causing the accident
• general conditions at the workplace and the working
situation (comprising the factors mentioned in the foregoing
paragraph).
 Types of Analyses
• Analyses and identification of where and which types of
accidents occur
• Analyses with respect to monitoring developments in the
incidence of accidents
• Analyses to prioritize initiatives that call for high degrees of
risk measurement, which in turn involve calculating the
frequency and seriousness of accidents
• Analyses to determine how the accidents occurred and,
especially, to establish both direct and underlying causes.
• Analyses for elucidation of special areas which have
otherwise attracted attention (a sort of rediscovery or
control analyses).
Protection against
Electrical
Hazards
 Protection against Electrical Hazards
What is the best way to protect yourself
against electrical hazards?

Most electrical accidents result from one of the

following three factors:
• Unsafe equipment or installation,
• Unsafe environment, or
• Unsafe work practices.
Some ways to prevent these accidents are
through the use of insulation, guarding,
grounding, electrical protective devices, and
safe work practices.
What protection does insulation provide?

Insulators such as glass, mica,

rubber, or plastic used to coat
metals and other conductors help
stop or reduce the flow of electrical
current.
How do you identify different types of
insulation?

Insulation on conductors is often color coded.

Insulated equipment grounding conductors
usually are either solid green or green with
yellow stripes. Insulation covering grounded
conductors is generally white or gray.
Ungrounded conductors, or “hot wires,” often
are black or red, although they may be any
color other than green, white, or gray.
What is guarding and what protection does it
offer?

Guarding involves locating or

enclosing electric equipment to
make sure people don’t accidentally
come into contact with its live parts.
What is grounding and what protection does it
offer?

“Grounding” a tool or electrical system

means intentionally creating a low-
resistance path that connects to the
earth.
A service or system ground is designed
primarily to protect machines, tools, and
insulation against damage.

An equipment ground helps protect the

equipment operator. It furnishes a second
path for the current to pass through from
the tool or machine to the ground.
What are circuit protection devices and how do
they work?

Circuit protection devices limit or stop the

flow of current automatically in the event
of a ground fault, overload, or short circuit
in the wiring system.
Fuses and circuit breakers open or break the
circuit automatically when too much current
flows through them.

Ground-fault circuit interrupters, or GFCIs, are

used in wet locations, construction sites, and
other high-risk areas

Arc-fault devices provide protection from the

effects of arc-faults by recognizing
characteristics unique to arcing and by
functioning to de energize the circuit when an
arc-fault is detected.
What work practices help protect you against
electrical hazards?

Electrical accidents are largely preventable

through safe work practices. Examples of
these practices include the following:
• de energizing electric equipment before
inspection or repair,
• keeping electric tools properly
maintained,
• exercising caution when working near
energized lines, and
• using appropriate protective equipment.
What special training do employees need?

All employees should be trained to be thoroughly

familiar with the safety procedures for their
particular jobs. Moreover, good judgment and
common sense are integral to preventing electrical
accidents. When working on electrical equipment,
for example, some basic procedures to follow are
to:
• de energize the equipment,
• use lockout and tag procedures to ensure that the
equipment remains de energized,
• use insulating protective equipment, and
• maintain a safe distance from energized parts.