Mohsin Ashraf

RF Department
Internee
Huawei Technologies Pakistan Pvt.
Ltd
 What is Timing Advance?
 Timing Advance is used to compensate for
the propagation delay as the signal travels
between the MS and BTS.
 MS is further away from the BTS, access
burst will take longer time to reach BTS, due
to propagation delay.
 If the propagation delay is long, then a point
comes where access burst arrives outside
the designated timeslot and would interfere
with next timeslot.
 RACH
(Random Access Control Channel)
 RACH is used when MS want to gain
access to the BTS for the request of the
dedicated control channel.
 Access Burst
 It sends on uplink only.
 It is shorter than other bursts.
 MS and BTS can only receive the burst and
decode it, if it is received within the
designated timeslot.

TB SYNC Sequence Data Bits TB Guard Period

8 41 36 3 68.25

0.577ms
 Access Burst

TB SYNC Sequence Data Bits TB Guard Period

8 41 36 3 68.25

TB SYNC Sequence Data Bits TB

8 41 36 3

TB SYNC Sequence Data Bits TB

8 41 36 3

TB SYNC Sequence Data Bits TB

8 41 36 3

TB SYNC Sequence Data Bits TB

8 41 36 3
 Other types of bursts
 Normal Burst
◦ It carries the traffic channels and all type of control
channels. (Bi-directional)
 Frequency Correction Burst
◦ It carries the FCCH in downlink to correct the
frequency of the MS’s local oscillator, locking it to that
of the BTS.
 Synchronization Channel
◦ It carries the SCH in downlink, synchronizing the timing
of MS to that of the BTS.
 Dummy Burst
◦ It is used when there is no information is to be carried
on the unused timeslots of the BCCH carrier. (D/L)
 How BSS determines the TA?
 Duration of single bit is 3.69µs.
 BTS uses the synchronization sequence in
Access Burst to calculate the propagation
delay.
 BTS sees that if the synchronization
sequence delayed by single bit then it knows
that the propagation delay is 3.69µs.
 For each 3.69µs of propagation delay, the TA
will incremented by one.
 If the delay is less than 3.69µs then there is
no adjustment is used and that is known as
TA-0.
 The Distance of TA
 MS sends the access burst on RACH to
the BTS.
 Example
 Lets suppose that if BSS determines the
propagation delay of 3.69µs.

 So if the propagation delay is 3.69µs, then the

distance between MS and BTS is 553.5 meters.
Example
 TA Distance
TA Counter Distance between MS and BTS
TA0 553.5m
TA1 1.107 km
TA2 1.660 km
TA3 2.214 km
TA4 2.767 km
. .
. .
. .
. .
TA63 35.42 km
TA Distance