WELDING INSPECTION

#2 Welding process

Rusnaldy, Ph.D
Introduction to Joining Processes
Joining Processes
 Brazing
Is a joining process in which a filler metal is placed at or
between the faying surfaces to be joined, and the temperature
is raised to melt the filler metal but not the workpieces.
 Brazing

Whole of joint
area is heated
Brazing Torch
and it is the
heated joint that
melts the Spelter
Brazing Rod (Spelter)
Brazing

Typical Brazing Applications

 Soldering

The solder fills the joint by capillary action between closely

fitting or closely placed components. The filler metal or solder
melts below 450oC
 Adhesive Bonding
In adhesive bonding, a nonmetallic material is used to fill the
gap and create a joint between two surfaces. Adhesive joints are
designed to withstand shear, compressive and tensile forces, but
they should not be subjected to peeling forces.
 Mechanical Fastening
Is a classification that includes a wide variety of techniques and
fasteners designed to suit the individual requirements of a
multitude of joints and assemblies.
 Mechanical Fastening

Screw Fasteners Self Drilling/Tapping Screws

Bolts
Nuts & Washers
Machine Screws
Fusion Welding
Applications
Welding Processes

EN358 – Ship Structures

FUNDAMENTALS OF WELDING
 Definisi Pengelasan

 Penyambungan antara dua/lebih material dalam keadaan

plastis atau cair dengan menggunakan panas (heat) atau
tekanan (pressure) atau keduanya. Logam pengisi (filler
metal) dengan temperatur lebur yang sama dengan TL
dari logam induk dapat atau tanpa digunakan dalam proses
penyambungan tsb. (British Standards Institution 1983 : BS 449:
Part 1)

 Penyambungan dari logam atau non-logam yang dihasilkan

dengan memanaskan material hingga temperatur las,
dengan atau tanpa menggunakan tekanan (pressure),
atau hanya tekanan, dengan atau tanpa menggunakan
logam pengisi. (American Welding Society 1989 Welding
Handbook Vol.I 8th ed.)
Pengelasan
 Untuk Setiap Proses Pengelasan

1. Sumber Energi :
a. Listrik (resistansi, radiasi, induksi, conduksi
dan busur listrik/arc)
b. Kimiawi (nyala api/flame, radiasi, eksplosif
dan reaksi padatan/solid reactants)
c. mekanis (tanpa dipanaskan tetapi ada friksi)
2. Mekanisme penghilangan kontaminasi
pada permukaan sambungan
3. Perlindungan terhadap kontaminasi
udara
4. Pengontrolan metalurgi las
 Pengelasan

Weld Metal Protection

• During fusion welding, the molten metal in the weld
“puddle” is susceptible to oxidation
• Must protect weld puddle (arc pool) from the
atmosphere
• Methods
– Weld Fluxes
– Inert Gases
– Vacuum
Parameter Pengelasan
 Perubahan Akibat Proses Pengelasan

 Panas yang diberikan, proses pencampuran

logam pengisi dan logam induk menyebabkan
terjadinya perubahan komposisi kimia dan
struktur material
 Perubahan komposisi kimia dan struktur
material mempengaruhi sifat mekanik material
 Agar dihasilkan kualitas las yang baik dan
mencegah terjadinya cacat las, maka perlu
dianalisa permasalahan yang terjadi secara
metalurgi
.
WELDING PROCESSES
 Oxyfuel Gas Welding

Welding process that uses a fuel gas combined with oxygen to

produce flame.
This flame is used as the source of heat to melt the metals at
the joint.
The most common gas welding process uses acetylene fuel----
> oxyacetylene welding
Oxyfuel Gas Welding
Jenis Flame
 Kelebihan & Kekurangan

Kelebihan: Kelemahan:
1. Equipment is simple, portable 1. Limited power density
& inexpensive 2. Welding speed is very low
2. It is convenient for 3. Total heat input per unit
maintenance and repair length of the weld is high
application 4. Large HAZ dan severe
distortion
5. Not recommended for
welding reactive metals such
Titanium & Zirconium
Arc Fusion Welding