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• EULERIAN METHOD
LAGRANGIAN METHOD
• A system of approach to track the velocity and
position of every individual particle of the
fluid
• STEADY FLOW
Flow parameters such as velocity, pressure,
density and discharge do not vary with time
• UNSTEADY FLOW
Flow parameters vary with respect to time
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON VARIATION
WITH SPACE
• UNIFORM
The fluid flow is uniform if the flow
parameters remain constant with distance
along the flow path
• NON-UNIFORM
If flow parameters vary and are different at
different points o the flow path
UNIFORM AND NON-UNIFORM FLOW
EXAMPLES
• Steady and Uniform Flow: Flow through a pipeline of constant
diameter with a discharge constant with time.
• Steady and Non-Uniform Flow: Fixed discharge flow through a
tapering pipe. Water flow through a river with a constant discharge is
also a good example of such flow as the span of river generally varies
with distance and amount of water flow in river is constant.
• Unsteady and Uniform Flow: A flow through pipeline of constant cross
section with sudden changes in fluid discharge or pressure.
• Unsteady and Non-Uniform Flow: Pressure surges in a flow through a
pipe of variable cross section. A practical example can be the water
flow in the network of canals during water release.
STREAM TUBE
• A tube whose walls are streamlines.
• Since velocity is tangent to a streamline, no
fluid can cross the walls of a steam tube
• A pipe is a steam tube since its walls are
stream lines
• An open tunnel is a steam tube since no fluid
crosses the walls of the tunnel.
ONE, TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONAL
FLOW
ONE DIMENSIONAL FLOW
• A flow in which the velocity vector depends on
only one space variable.
• Developed Flows: The velocity profile do not
vary with respect to the space coordinate in
the direction of flow.
• Uniform Flow: The fluid properties are
constant over the area.
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TWO DIMENSIONAL FLOW
• A flow in which the velocity vector depends on
only two space variables
• Plane Flow: The velocity vector depends on
the two coordinates x and y.
THREE DIMENSIONAL FLOW
• A flow in which the velocity vector depends on
only three space variables
COMPRESSIBLE FLOW
• It exists if the density of fluid changes from
point to point
Mach Number
• Named after Ernst Mach
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Irrotational Flows
• Flows where the fluid particles do not rotate.
Vorticity
• Twice the angular velocity; its three
components are
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