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ETIOLOGY:
I. -Heredoconstitutional factor:
the possibility of schizophrenia:
-one parent (+) , children 7-16 % (+)
-all parent (+) , children 40 %
-monozygotic twin ----85,8 %
-dizygotic twin -------14 %
II. -Psychogenic factor
III. -Exogenic factor
SYMPTOMATOLOGY
Schizophreiform disorder
-premorbid tends to normal,
-acute, during 2 weeks untill 6 months
-hazy conciousness,oneroid, double book-keeping
symptom
Schizoaffective type,
-dominant affective symptoms,
Laten type
-unclear symptoms, hide/silent
Residual type
-remission with residual symptoms
DIAGNOSIS
1.Eugen Bleurer: 4 As
Primary symptoms:-association disorders,
-affect disorders,
-autism,
-ambivalence.
Secondary symptoms:-delusions,hallucinations etc.
2.Kurt Schneider:
First rank symptoms:
-halucinations;audible thought, dialogue,commentary
-somatic passivity experience,
-thought process:
-interruption/thought withdrawl,thought broadcast,
-delusional peceptions,
-changing desire-
3.PPDGJ (according to ICD & DSM )
In PPDGJ III schizophrenia is in Group II
Hierarchi of Mental Illness Block Diagnosis
( F20-F29 ) where more completely ass.with
schizotypal disorder , acute & transient
psychotic disorders which can be followed
by schizophrenic symptoms and also
schizophrenic-like type ,and post
schizophrenic depression.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
-Mental organic disorders
-Other functional psychosis
-Hysteria/Dissociative dsisorders
-Beliefs, tradition, religious
TREATMENTS / MANAGEMENT THERAPY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
I.Hospitalization
III.Psychosocial therapies
-Social skills training
-Family-oriented therapies
- Case management
-Assertive community treatment(ACT)
-Group therapy
-Cognitive behavioral therapy
-Individual psychotherapy
-Vocational therapy
PROGNOSIS-I
-40% remission-social recovery,60% deteriorated.
-Less than one year 30% full remission,30% social recovery &
30% will be long stay in mental hospital
-Bad prognosis:
flat affect, lack of initiative,depersonalization & derealization,
bad premorbid personality,gradual symptoms too high perso
nal aspiration,signs of hypochondriasis,persistent hallucination,
recovery more than one year, deep regression.
-Good prognosis:
acute,clear affective ..elements, clear anxiety or emotional
signs, cyclothymic premorbid personality, self-accused hallucination,
longer interval of remission.
*In schizophrenia:
-distortion of thought & perception
-hallucination & perception changes,
---confusion,elliptical & unclear thought,
-motility--interrupted & interpolation,
-thought insertion,
-inappropriate & blunted affect,
---shallow,capricious,incongruous,
-ambivalency & desire -disorders (volition ):
-inertia,negativism,stupor catatonia,
- the course of illness:
-acute onset or gradual-silent,
-later becomes broader variation,
-not always chronic or become worse
DIGNOSTIC GUIDELINES
Pattern of course:
-continuosly,
-episodic with progressive deterioration,
-episodic with stable deficit,
-episodic remittent,
-with incomplete remission or
-complete remission.
-other,
-periode of observation less then one year.
Prognosis:
Not so good in genuine paranoia with
paranoid personality back ground which
begins gradually or if there's a picture of
schizophrenic symptoms because of rarely
full remission.
In PPDGJ II these disorders includes:
-paranoia
-shared paranoid disorders,
-paraphrenia,
-unspecified paranoid disorders
In PPPDGJ III
-F22 Persistent delusional diorders
-F 23.3 Other acute predominantly delusional
psychotic disorder.
-F 24 Induced delusional disorder
SHARED PARANOID DISORDER (Folie a Deux / Trois)
-Apart from the behavior & attitude related with delusions, the
affect, talking & behaviour still normal.
Other persistent delusional disorder