Edition

Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
CE 102 Statics

Chapter 6

Analysis of Structures

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Contents

Introduction Trusses Made of Several Simple Trusses

Definition of a Truss Sample Problem 6.2
Simple Trusses Analysis of Frames
Analysis of Trusses by the Method of Frames Which Cease to be Rigid When
Joints Detached From Their Supports
Joints Under Special Loading
Conditions Sample Problem 6.3
Space Trusses Machines
Sample Problem 6.1
Analysis of Trusses by the Method of
Sections

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Introduction
• For the equilibrium of structures made of several
connected parts, the internal forces as well the external
forces are considered.

• In the interaction between connected parts, Newton’s 3rd

Law states that the forces of action and reaction
between bodies in contact have the same magnitude,
same line of action, and opposite sense.

• Three categories of engineering structures are considered:

a) Frames: contain at least one one multi-force
member, i.e., member acted upon by 3 or more
forces.
b) Trusses: formed from two-force members, i.e.,
straight members with end point connections
c) Machines: structures containing moving parts
designed to transmit and modify forces.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Definition of a Truss
• A truss consists of straight members connected at
joints. No member is continuous through a joint.

• Most structures are made of several trusses joined

together to form a space framework. Each truss
carries those loads which act in its plane and may
be treated as a two-dimensional structure.

• Bolted or welded connections are assumed to be

pinned together. Forces acting at the member ends
reduce to a single force and no couple. Only two-
force members are considered.

• When forces tend to pull the member apart, it is in

tension. When the forces tend to compress the
member, it is in compression.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Definition of a Truss

Members of a truss are slender and not capable of

supporting large lateral loads. Loads must be applied at
the joints.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Definition of a Truss

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Simple Trusses

• A rigid truss will not collapse under

the application of a load.

• A simple truss is constructed by

successively adding two members and
one connection to the basic triangular
truss.

• In a simple truss, m = 2n - 3 where

m is the total number of members
and n is the number of joints.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Analysis of Trusses by the Method of Joints
• Dismember the truss and create a freebody
diagram for each member and pin.

• The two forces exerted on each member are

equal, have the same line of action, and
opposite sense.

• Forces exerted by a member on the pins or

joints at its ends are directed along the member
and equal and opposite.

• Conditions of equilibrium on the pins provide

2n equations for 2n unknowns. For a simple
truss, 2n = m + 3. May solve for m member
forces and 3 reaction forces at the supports.

• Conditions for equilibrium for the entire truss

provide 3 additional equations which are not
independent of the pin equations.
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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Joints Under Special Loading Conditions
• Forces in opposite members intersecting in
two straight lines at a joint are equal.
• The forces in two opposite members are
equal when a load is aligned with a third
member. The third member force is equal
to the load (including zero load).
• The forces in two members connected at a
joint are equal if the members are aligned
and zero otherwise.
• Recognition of joints under special loading
conditions simplifies a truss analysis.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Space Trusses
• An elementary space truss consists of 6 members
connected at 4 joints to form a tetrahedron.

• A simple space truss is formed and can be

extended when 3 new members and 1 joint are
added at the same time.

• In a simple space truss, m = 3n - 6 where m is the

number of members and n is the number of joints.

• Conditions of equilibrium for the joints provide 3n

equations. For a simple truss, 3n = m + 6 and the
equations can be solved for m member forces and
6 support reactions.

• Equilibrium for the entire truss provides 6

additional equations which are not independent of
the joint equations.
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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.1
SOLUTION:
• Based on a free-body diagram of the
entire truss, solve the 3 equilibrium
equations for the reactions at E and C.

• Joint A is subjected to only two unknown

member forces. Determine these from the
joint equilibrium requirements.

• In succession, determine unknown

Using the method of joints, determine
the force in each member of the truss.
member forces at joints D, B, and E from
joint equilibrium requirements.
• All member forces and support reactions
are known at joint C. However, the joint
equilibrium requirements may be applied
to check the results.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.1
SOLUTION:
• Based on a free-body diagram of the entire truss,
solve the 3 equilibrium equations for the reactions
at E and C.
 MC  0
 2000 lb24 ft   1000 lb12 ft   E 6 ft 
E  10,000 lb 

 Fx  0  C x Cx  0

 Fy  0  2000 lb - 1000 lb  10,000 lb  C y

C y  7000 lb 

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.1

• Joint A is subjected to only two unknown

member forces. Determine these from the
joint equilibrium requirements.

2000 lb FAB FAD FAB  1500 lb T

 
4 3 5 FAD  2500 lb C

• There are now only two unknown member

forces at joint D.
FDB  FDA FDB  2500 lb T

FDE  2 53 FDA FDE  3000 lb C
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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.1
• There are now only two unknown member
forces at joint B. Assume both are in tension.
 Fy  0  1000  54 2500  54 FBE
FBE  3750 lb FBE  3750 lb C

 Fx  0  FBC  1500  53 2500  53 3750

FBC  5250 lb FBC  5250 lb T

• There is one unknown member force at joint

E. Assume the member is in tension.
 Fx  0  53 FEC  3000  53 3750
FEC  8750 lb FEC  8750 lb C

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.1
• All member forces and support reactions are
known at joint C. However, the joint equilibrium
requirements may be applied to check the results.

 Fx   5250  53 8750  0 checks

 Fy  7000  54 8750  0 checks

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Analysis of Trusses by the Method of Sections
• When the force in only one member or the
forces in a very few members are desired, the
method of sections works well.

• To determine the force in member BD, pass a

section through the truss as shown and create
a free body diagram for the left side.

• With only three members cut by the section,

the equations for static equilibrium may be
applied to determine the unknown member
forces, including FBD.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Trusses Made of Several Simple Trusses
• Compound trusses are statically
determinant, rigid, and completely
constrained.
m  2n  3

• Truss contains a redundant member

and is statically indeterminate.
m  2n  3

• Additional reaction forces may be

necessary for a rigid truss.

• Necessary but insufficient condition

non-rigid rigid for a compound truss to be statically
determinant, rigid, and completely
m  2n  3 m  2n  4 constrained,
m  r  2n
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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.2
SOLUTION:
• Take the entire truss as a free body.
Apply the conditions for static equilib-
rium to solve for the reactions at A and L.
• Pass a section through members FH,
GH, and GI and take the right-hand
section as a free body.
• Apply the conditions for static
equilibrium to determine the desired
member forces.
Determine the force in members FH,
GH, and GI.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.2
SOLUTION:
• Take the entire truss as a free body.
Apply the conditions for static equilib-
rium to solve for the reactions at A and L.

M A  0  5 m 6 kN   10 m 6 kN   15 m 6 kN 

 20 m 1 kN   25 m 1 kN   30 m L
L  7.5 kN 
F y  0  20 kN  L  A
A  12.5 kN 

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.2
• Pass a section through members FH, GH, and GI
and take the right-hand section as a free body.

• Apply the conditions for static equilibrium to

determine the desired member forces.
MH  0
7.50 kN 10 m   1 kN 5 m   FGI 5.33 m   0
FGI  13.13 kN
FGI  13.13 kN T

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.2
FG 8 m
tan     0.5333   28.07
GL 15 m
 MG  0
7.5 kN 15 m   1 kN 10 m   1 kN 5 m 
  FFH cos 8 m   0
FFH  13.82 kN
FFH  13.82 kN C

tan   GI  5 m  0.9375   43.15

HI 2 8 m 
3 

ML 0
1 kN 10 m   1 kN  5 m    F


cos  15 m   0
 GH 
F  1.371 kN
GH
FGH  1.371 kN C

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Analysis of Frames
• Frames and machines are structures with at least one
multiforce member. Frames are designed to support loads
and are usually stationary. Machines contain moving parts
and are designed to transmit and modify forces.
• A free body diagram of the complete frame is used to
determine the external forces acting on the frame.
• Internal forces are determined by dismembering the frame
and creating free-body diagrams for each component.
• Forces on two force members have known lines of action
but unknown magnitude and sense.
• Forces on multiforce members have unknown magnitude
and line of action. They must be represented with two
unknown components.
• Forces between connected components are equal, have the
same line of action, and opposite sense.
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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Frames Which Cease To Be Rigid When Detached
From Their Supports
• Some frames may collapse if removed from
their supports. Such frames can not be treated
as rigid bodies.
• A free-body diagram of the complete frame
indicates four unknown force components which
can not be determined from the three equilibrium
conditions.
• The frame must be considered as two distinct, but
related, rigid bodies.
• With equal and opposite reactions at the contact
point between members, the two free-body
diagrams indicate 6 unknown force components.
• Equilibrium requirements for the two rigid
bodies yield 6 independent equations.
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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.3
SOLUTION:
• Create a free-body diagram for the
complete frame and solve for the support
reactions.
• Define a free-body diagram for member
BCD. The force exerted by the link DE
has a known line of action but unknown
magnitude. It is determined by summing
moments about C.
Members ACE and BCD are • With the force on the link DE known, the
connected by a pin at C and by the sum of forces in the x and y directions
link DE. For the loading shown, may be used to find the force
determine the force in link DE and the components at C.
components of the force exerted at C
on member BCD. • With member ACE as a free-body,
check the solution by summing
moments about A.
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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.3
SOLUTION:
• Create a free-body diagram for the complete frame
and solve for the support reactions.
 Fy  0  Ay  480 N Ay  480 N 

 M A  0  480 N 100 mm   B160 mm 

B  300 N 

 Fx  0  B  Ax Ax  300 N 

Note:
  tan 1 150
80  28.07

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.3
• Define a free-body diagram for member
BCD. The force exerted by the link DE has a
known line of action but unknown
magnitude. It is determined by summing
moments about C.

 M C  0  FDE sin  250 mm   300 N 60 mm   480 N 100 mm 

FDE  561 N FDE  561 N C

• Sum of forces in the x and y directions may be used to find the force
components at C.
 Fx  0  C x  FDE cos  300 N
0  C x   561 N  cos  300 N C x  795 N

 Fy  0  C y  FDE sin   480 N

0  C y   561 N  sin   480 N C y  216 N

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.3

• With member ACE as a free-body, check

the solution by summing moments about A.

 M A  FDE cos 300 mm   FDE sin  100 mm   C x 220 mm 

  561cos 300 mm    561sin  100 mm    795220 mm   0

(checks)

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Machines
• Machines are structures designed to transmit
and modify forces. Their main purpose is to
transform input forces into output forces.

• Given the magnitude of P, determine the

magnitude of Q.

• Create a free-body diagram of the complete

machine, including the reaction that the wire
exerts.

• The machine is a nonrigid structure. Use

one of the components as a free-body.

• Taking moments about A,

a
 M A  0  aP  bQ Q P
b

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 Problem 6.4

15 in 15 in 15 in The pin at B is attached

80 lb to member ABCD and can
40 lb
slide along a slot cut in
member BE. Neglecting
A
the effect of friction,
B C D determine the couple M
required to hold the
36 in system in equilibrium.

M
E

29
 Problem 6.4
15 in 15 in 15 in Solving Problems on Your Own
80 lb The pin at B is attached
40 lb
to member ABCD and can
slide along a slot cut in
member BE. Neglecting
A B C D the effect of friction,
determine the couple M
36 in required to hold the
system in equilibrium.
For this problem we note that there are no two-
M force members. In solving this problem, we
E
1. Dismember the frame, and draw a free-body
diagram for each member.
2. To simplify the solution, seek a way to write an equation
involving a single unknown.
30
 B Problem 6.4 Solution
13
5 Dismember the frame, and draw a
12 free-body diagram for each member.
Free-Body: Member BE

36 in BE = (152 + 362)1/2 = 39 in

M 13
39 12
36

Ex E 15 5
Ey
15 in To simplify the solution, seek a way to write
an equation involving a single unknown.

+ S ME = 0: M - B (39 in) = 0
M = B (39 in) (1)
31
 Problem 6.4 Solution

Dismember the frame, and draw a free-body diagram for each

member.
15 in 15 in 15 in
Free-Body: Member BE
40 lb 80 lb

To simplify the solution, Dx

A C
seek a way to write an 13 D
equation involving a 5
single unknown. 12 B Dy

+ S MD = 0: (40 lb)(45 in) + (80 lb)(15 in) - 5 B(30 in) = 0

13
B = 260 lb

32
 B Problem 6.4 Solution
13
5 15 in 15 in 15 in
12 40 lb 80 lb

Dx
A C
13 D
36 in 5
12 B Dy
M
B = 260 lb
From EQ (1)
Ex E
Ey M = B (39 in)
15 in = (260 lb) (39 in)
M = B (39 in)
= 10,140 lb-in

M = 10.14 kip-in
33
 Problem 6.5

12 in 6 in 6 in 50 lb For the frame shown

and neglecting the
E
effect of friction at the
D 4 in horizontal and vertical
2 in
surfaces, determine
C the forces exerted at
6 in B and C on member
A B BCE.

34
 Problem 6.5
Solving Problems on Your Own
12 in 6 in 6 in 50 lb For the frame shown
E and neglecting the
effect of friction at the
D 4 in horizontal and vertical
2 in surfaces, determine
C the forces exerted at
6 in B and C on member
A B
BCE.

For this problem we note that there are no two-force members.

In solving this problem, we
1. Dismember the frame, and draw a free-body diagram for
each member.
2. To simplify the solution, seek a way to write an equation
involving a single unknown. 35
Dismember the frame, and draw a Problem 6.5 Solution
free-body diagram for each member.
50 lb
Cy Cy
H D D
C
2 in
Cx
Cx
6 in
A

A 18 in Bx
By 6 in 6 in

36
 Problem 6.5 Solution
To simplify the solution, seek a way to
write an equation involving a single
unknown. 50 lb
Cy Cy
H D D
C
2 in
Cx
Cx
6 in
A

A 18 in Bx
6 in 6 in
Free-Body: Member ACD By

+ S M = 0: Cx(2 in) - Cy(18 in) = 0 Cx = 9Cy

H

37
To simplify the solution, seek a way to Problem 6.5 Solution
write an equation involving a single
unknown. 50 lb
Cy Cy
H D D
C
2 in
Cx = 9Cy Cx
Cx
6 in
A

A 18 in Bx
6 in 6 in
Free-Body: Member BCE By

+ S M = 0: Cx(6 in) + Cy(6 in) - (50 lb)(12 in) = 0

B

Substitute Cx = 9Cy: 9Cy(6 in) + Cy(6 in) - 600 = 0

Cy = + 10 lb; Cx = 9Cy = 9(10) = 90 lb
38
Free-Body: Member BCE Problem 6.5 Solution

50 lb C
10 lb C = 90.6 lb
Cy 6.3o
C C
Cx 90 lb

+
S Fx = 0:
Bx - 90 lb = 0
Bx Bx = 90 lb
6 in 6 in + S F = 0: B + 10 lb - 50 lb = 0
y y
By By = 40 lb
B
40 lb 24.0o
B = 98.5 lb
B
90 lb
39
 Problem 6.6

12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN

Using the method of
2m 2m 2m
joints, determine the
A force in each member
B C
of the truss shown.
D
2.5 m G
F
E

40
 Problem 6.6
Solving Problems on Your Own
12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN Using the method of
2m 2m 2m joints, determine the
A force in each member
B C
of the truss shown.
D
2.5 m 1. Draw the free-body diagram of
G
the entire truss, and use this
F diagram to determine the
E reactions at the supports.
2. Locate a joint connecting only two members, and draw the
free-body diagram for its pin. Use this free-body diagram to
determine the unknown forces in each of the two members.
Assuming all members are in tension, if the answer obtained
from SFx = 0 and SFy = 0 is positive, the member is in
tension. A negative answer means the member is in
compression. 41
 Problem 6.6

Solving Problems on Your Own

12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN Using the method of
2m 2m 2m joints, determine the
A force in each member
B C
of the truss shown.
D
2.5 m G
F
E
3. Next, locate a joint where the forces in only two of the
connected members are still unknown. Draw the free-body
diagram of the pin and use it as indicated in step 2 to
determine the two unknown forces.
4. Repeat this procedure until the forces in all the members of
the truss have been determined.
42
 Problem 6.6 Solution
12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN
2m 2m 2m Draw the free-body
diagram of the entire
Ax A B C truss, and use it to
D determine reactions
Ay
at the supports.
2.5 m G
F
E E

+ S MA = 0: E(2.5 m) - (12.5 kN)(2 m) - (12.5 kN)(4 m)

- (12.5 kN)(6 m) = 0 E = 60 kN

+ S Fy = 0: Ay - (4)(12.5 kN) = 0 Ay = 50 kN
+
S Fx = 0: Ax - E = 0 Ax= 60 kN
43
 12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN Problem 6.6 Solution
2m 2m 2m Locate a joint connecting only two
60 kN A B C members, and draw the free-body
50 kN D diagram for its pin. Use the free-
2.5 m
G
body diagram to determine the
F
unknown forces in each of the two
60 kN E members.

Joint D
12.5 kN 2.5
+ S Fy = 0: F - 12.5 kN = 0
FCD 6.5 GD

6.5
FGD = 32.5 kN C
2.5
6
6
+ S Fx = 0: FGD - FCD = 0
FGD 6.5
FCD = 30 kN T 44
 12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN Problem 6.6 Solution
2m 2m 2m Next, locate a joint where the forces
60 kN A B C in only two of the connected
50 kN D members are still unknown. Draw
2.5 m
G the free-body diagram of the pin and
F use it to determine the two unknown
60 kN E
forces.

Joint G
FCG
S F = 0: FCG = 0
32.5 kN
S F = 0: FFG - 32.5 kN = 0

FFG FFG = 32.5 kN C

45
 12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN Problem 6.6 Solution
2m 2m 2m
Repeat this procedure until the
60 kN A B C forces in all the members of the
50 kN D truss have been determined.
2.5 m
G Joint C
F
60 kN E 2
BF = (2.5 m) = 1.6667 m
3
12.5 kN
BF
FBC  = BCF = tan -1 = 39.81o
FCD = 30 kN 2

+ S Fy = 0: - 12.5 kN - FCF sin  = 0
FCF - 12.5 kN - FCF sin 39.81o = 0
FCF = 19.53 kN C
S Fx = 0: 30 kN - FCF cos  - FBC = 0
+
30 kN - (-19.53) cos 39.81o - FBC = 0
FBC = 45.0 kN T 46
 12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN Problem 6.6 Solution
2m 2m 2m FCF = 19.53kN
60 kN Joint F FBF
A B C
=39.81o
50 kN D
2.5 m
G
6.5 FFG = 32.5 kN
F FEF 2.5
60 kN E 6
+
S Fx = 0: - kN) - FCF cos  = 0
6 6
F -
6.5 EF 6.5
(32.5

FEF = -32.5 kN - ( 6.5

6
) (19.53) cos 39.81 o F
EF = 48.8 kN C

2.5
+ S Fy = 0: FBF - 6.5 FEF - 6.5 (32.5 kN) - (19.53) sin  = 0
2.5

2.5
FBF - 6.5
(-48.8 kN) - 12.5 kN - 12.5 kN = 0
FBF = 6.25 kN T
47
 12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN Problem 6.6 Solution
2m 2m 2m
12.5 kN
60 kN
Joint B
A B C
FAB FBC = 45.0 kN
50 kN D
2.5 m
G g
F FBF = 6.25kN
60 kN E
FBE
2.5 m
tan g = 2 m ; g = 51.34o

+ S Fy = 0: -12.5 kN -6.25 kN - FBE sin 51.34o = 0

FBE = -24.0 kN
FBE = 24.0 kN C
+ S F = 0: 45.0 kN - F + (24.0 kN) cos 51.34o = 0
x AB
FAB = 60.0 kN
FAB = 60.0 kN T 48
 12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN 12.5 kN Problem 6.6 Solution
2m 2m 2m
60 kN
Joint E
A B C
50 kN D FBE = 24 kN
2.5 m
G
FAE
F g FEF = 48.75 kN
60 kN E
6.5
60 kN 2.5
6
g = 51.34o

2.5
+ S Fy = 0: FAE - (24 kN) sin 51.34o - (48.75 kN) 6.5 =0

FAE = 37.5 kN FAE = 37.5 kN T

49
 Problem 6.7

3 kN
A Pratt roof truss
3 kN 3 kN
F is loaded as
3 kN
3 kN shown. Using
D H 6.75 m the method of
1.5 kN 1.5 kN
B J sections,
determine the
A L
force in
C E G I K members FH ,
FI, and GI.
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m

50
 3 kN Problem 6.7
3 kN 3 kN Solving Problems on Your Own
F
3 kN
3 kN A Pratt roof truss
D H 6.75 m is loaded as
1.5 kN 1.5 kN
B J shown. Using the
method of
A L
sections,
C E G I K
determine the
force in members
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m FH , FI, and GI.

1. Draw the free-body diagram of the entire truss, and use

this diagram to determine the reactions at the supports.

2. Pass a section through three members of the truss, one of

which is the desired member.

51
 3 kN Problem 6.7
Solving Problems on Your Own
3 kN 3 kN
F
3 kN A Pratt roof truss
3 kN
D H 6.75 m is loaded as
1.5 kN 1.5 kN shown. Using the
B J
method of
A L sections,
C E G I K determine the
force in members
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m FH , FI, and GI.
3. Select one of the two portions of the truss you have obtained,
and draw its free-body diagram. This diagram should include
the external forces applied to the selected portion as well as
the forces exerted on it by the intersected members before
these were removed.
4. Now write three equilibrium equations which can be solved for
the forces in the three intersected members. 52
 3 kN Problem 6.7 Solution
3 kN
F
3 kN Draw the free-body
3 kN diagram of the entire
3 kN
D H truss, and use it to
1.5 kN 1.5 kN determine reactions
B J
at the supports.
A L
Ax C E G I K + S Fx = 0: Ax = 0
Ay L
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m

Total load = 5(3 kN) + 2(1.5 kN) = 18 kN

By symmetry
1
Ay = L = 2 (18kN) = 9 kN
53
 3 kN Problem 6.7 Solution
3 kN 3 kN
F Pass a section
3 kN through three
3 kN
D H
members of the
1.5 kN 1.5 kN
B J truss, one of
which is the
A L
desired member.
C E G I K
9 kN 9 kN
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m

54
 5 Problem 6.7 Solution
3
Free Body: Portion HIL
4 F 3 kN
FFH Select one of the two portions of
3 kN the truss you have obtained,
H
FFI and draw its free-body diagram.
6.75 m 1.5 kN
J
a L Slope of FHJL
G
FGI I K
9 kN 6.75 3 3 5
=
3m 3m 3m 9.00 4 4

FG 6.75
tan  = GI = 3.00  = 66.04o

Now write three equilibrium equations which can be solved for

the forces in the three intersected members.

55
 5 Problem 6.7 Solution
3
Free Body: Portion HIL
4 F 3 kN
FFH Write the three equilibrium equations.
3 kN
H
FFI
6.75 m 1.5 kN
J

66.04o L
G
FGI I K
9 kN
Force in FH:
3m 3m 3m

+ S MI = 0: FFH (
4 2
5 3
x 6.75 m) + (9 kN)(6 m)
- (1.5 kN)(6m) - (3 kN)(3m) = 0
4
5
FFH (4.5 m) + 36 kN-m = 0
FFH = -10.0 kN FFH = 10.0 kN C 56
 5 Problem 6.7 Solution
3
Free Body: Portion HIL
4 F 3 kN
FFH Write the three equilibrium equations.
3 kN
H
FFI FFH = 10.0 kN C
6.75 m 1.5 kN
J

66.04o L
G
FGI I K
9 kN
Force in FI:
3m 3m 3m

+ S ML = 0: -FFI sin 66.04o(6 m) + (3 kN)(6 m)

+ (3 kN)(3 m) = 0
FFI sin 66.04o(6 m) = 27 kN-m
FFI = + 4.92 kN FFI = 4.92 kN T
57
 5 Problem 6.7 Solution
3
Free Body: Portion HIL
4 F 3 kN
FFH Write the three equilibrium equations.
3 kN
H
6.75 m
FFI FFH = 10.0 kN C
1.5 kN
J FFI = 4.92 kN T
66.04o L
G
FGI I K
9 kN
Force in GI:
3m 3m 3m

+ S MF = 0: -FGI (6.75 m) - (3 kN)(3 m) - (3 kN)(6 m)

- (1.5 kN)(9 m) + (9 kN)(9 m) = 0
FGI (6.75 m) = +40.5 kN-m

FGI = + 6.00 kN FGI = 6.00 kN T

58
 Problem 6.8

B
D
A pipe of diameter
A
F 50 mm is gripped by the
E 500 N
C 20 mm Stillson wrench shown.
400 mm Portions AB and DE of
50 mm 40 mm
the wrench are rigidly
attached to each other and portion CF is connected by a pin at
D. Assuming that no slipping occurs between the pipe and the
wrench, determine the components of the forces exerted on
the pipe at A and at C.

59
 Problem 6.8
B Solving Problems on Your Own
D
A pipe of diameter
A
F 50 mm is gripped by the
E 500 N
C 20 mm Stillson wrench shown.
400 mm Portions AB and DE of
50 mm 40 mm
the wrench are rigidly
attached to each other and portion CF is connected by a pin at
D. Assuming that no slipping occurs between the pipe and the
wrench, determine the components of the forces exerted on
the pipe at A and at C.
1. Dismember the machine, and draw a free-body diagram of
each member.
2. First consider the two-force members. Apply equal and
opposite forces to each two-force member where it is
connected to another member.
60
 Problem 6.8
B Solving Problems on Your Own
D
A pipe of diameter
A
F 50 mm is gripped by the
E 500 N
C 20 mm Stillson wrench shown.
400 mm Portions AB and DE of
50 mm 40 mm
the wrench are rigidly
attached to each other and portion CF is connected by a pin at
D. Assuming that no slipping occurs between the pipe and the
wrench, determine the components of the forces exerted on
the pipe at A and at C.

3. Next consider the multi force members.

4. Equilibrium equations can be written after completing each

free-body.

61
 Problem 6.8 Solution
Dy
B
Dismember the machine, and draw a
A Ay D
Ax Dx 20 mm free-body diagram of each member.
E First consider the two-force members.
90 mm
Free Body : Portion ABDE
D
Ay Ax
20 mm
= ;
20 mm 90 mm
A

90 mm Ax= 4.5 Ay

Dy= Ay : Dx= Ax= 4.5 Dy (1)

62
 Dy Dy= Ay : Dx= Ax= 4.5 Dy (1) Problem 6.8 Solution

20 mm Dx
Next consider the multi
F force members.
Cx 500 N
Cy Equilibrium equations can
40 mm 400 mm
be written after completing
Free Body : Portion CF each free-body.

+ S MC = 0: Dx(20 mm) - Dy(40 mm) - (500 N)(440 mm) = 0

Substitute from (1) 4.5Dy(20) - Dy(40) - 220 x103= 0
Dy = 4400 N = 4.4 kN Dx= 4.5 Dy = 19.8 kN
+
S Fx = 0: Cx - 19.8 kN = 0 Cx = 19.8 kN
+ S Fy = 0: Cy - 4.4 kN -0.5 kN = 0 Cy = 4.9 kN
Using (1) Ax = Dx = 19.8 kN Ay = Dy = 4.4 kN
63
 Problem 6.8 Solution
4.4 kN
4.4 kN
B 20 mm 19.8 kN
A 4.4 kN
D 19.8 kN F
19.8 kN 500 N
19.8 kN E
4.9 kN 40 mm 400 mm

All components act in the directions shown. Components on

the pipe are equal and opposite to those on the wrench.

4.9 kN
19.8 kN Ax = 19.8 kN
Ay = 4.4 kN
19.8 kN Cx = 19.8 kN
4.4 kN Cy = 4.9 kN

64