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Water Functions
• Adequate Intakes
– Adult women: 2.7 L (almost 2.85 quarts)
– Adult men: 3.7 L (almost 1 gallon)
• Large variation in individual needs based on activity
level and energy intake
• Recommendation based on body weight
– 25–40 mL of water per kg body weight
Water (Fluid) and Sodium Balance
• Osmosis
– Movement of water across semipermeable membrane in
response to differences in solute concentrations. Low to
high concentrations.
• Osmolarity
– Solute (particle) concentration of a fluid (how many
particles are in the water)
• Potassium (K+) major cation Intra CF
• Sodium (Na+) major cation in ECF
Water (Fluid) and Sodium Balance
• Hyponatremia
– Diluted plasma due to overconsumption of water
• Hypernatremia
– Losses of water without solutes
Water (Fluid) and Sodium Balance
The Kidneys: A Brief Review
• Free in blood
• Serum sodium concentration maintained in narrow
range
– 135–145 mEq/L
Sodium Transport (2 of 2)
Sodium Functions and Interactions