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I C Macedo, NIPE/UNICAMP
July 2008
Cane bioethanol and GHG emissions
Macedo IC, Seabra JEA, Silva JEAR. Green house gases emissions in the production and use of
ethanol from sugarcane in Brazil: The.... Biomass and Bioenergy (2007),
doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.12.006
Note 1: the data base quality
a.
Standard deviation.
b.
Mt year-1.
c.
Cane transportation
d.
For industrial parameters, weighted averages considered the cane used exclusively for ethanol production.
e.
Average from (Cogen’s estimation [16]); no standard deviation available.
• 2006
• Scenario 2020: trash recovery (40%) and surplus power
production with integrated commercial, steam based cycle
(CEST system)
• Scenario 2020 B: trash recovery, use of surplus biomass to
produce ethanol from hydrolysis in a (hypothetical) SSCF
system, integrated with the ethanol plant
Energy flows in ethanol production (MJ/t cane) (Seabra, 2007)
• Although some indirect impacts may happen in all other cases, we do not
have suitable tools (or sufficient information) to quantify them.
Many agricultural products are interchangeable; many are
(increasingly) traded globally; and the drivers of LUC vary in time
and regionally. “Equilibrium” conditions are not reached.
Drivers are established by local culture, economics, environmental
conditions, land policies and development programs.
• Change in Carbon storage in soil and above ground, when the land
use is changed (from 1984 to 2002: no change for ethanol!)
Evolution of Brazilian Production of Cane, Sugar and Ethanol
350000 25000
300000
20000
200000 15000
150000 10000
100000
5000
50000
0 0
70/71
72/73
74/75
76/77
78/79
80/81
82/83
84/85
86/87
88/89
90/91
92/93
94/95
96/97
98/99
00/01
02/03
Crop Season
SP MG PR MS GO MT
Source: IBGE; CONAB, ICONE. Elaboration: ICONE for 2002-06 data and CONAB for 2007-08 data.
Notes for 2002-06 data: Calculated in a micro-regional level (295 groups of municipalities). Sugarcane area variation were compared to the
variation of pasture and other crops areas. Does not include estimations with respect of original vegetation displacement.
Notes for 2007-08 data: Extracted from “Perfil do Setor do Açúcar e do Álcool no Brasil”. Information collected from interviews in 343
sugarcarne crushing plants.
Sugarcane Expansion: Displacement of Pasture, Crops and
Original Vegetation (1,000 ha) in Selected States, 2002 - 2008
For Brazil, from 2002-2006, (1000 ha) Sugar cane area increased
972; Other Crops increased 5370; Pasture decrease 1960. (but
cattle heads increased 20.5 milion).
Ethanol: LUC and ILUC effects