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Early Civilizations in the Indian Subcontinent > The Persian Empire

The Persian Empire

• The Achaemenid Empire
• Government and Trade in the Achaemenid Empire
• Zoroastrianism

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Appendix
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Early Civilizations in the Indian Subcontinent

Key terms
• BehistunInscription An inscription carved in a cliff face of Mount Behistrun in Iran, which provided a key to deciphering
cuneiform script.
• Cyrus Cylinder An ancient clay artifact that has been called the oldest-known charter of human rights.
• Cyrus the Great Cyrus II ofPersia, also known as Cyrus the Great, created the largest empire the world hadseen.
• Darius the Great The third king ofthe Persian Achaemenid Empire, who ruled at its peak from c. 522–486 BCE.
• eschatological A part of theology concerned with the final events of history, or the ultimate destiny of humanity, often referred to
as the "end times."
• Gnosticism A modern term categorizing a collection of ancient religions whose adherents shunned the material world – which
they viewed as created by the demiurge – and embraced the spiritual world.
• Median Empire One of the fourmajor powers of the ancient Near East, along with Babylonia, Lydia and Egypt,until it was
conquered by Cyrus the Great in 550 BCE.
• messianism The belief in a messiah, who acts as a savior, redeemer or liberator of a group of people.
• Pasargadae The capital ofthe Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great.
• Sassanids The last Iranian empire before the rise of Islam.
• satrap The governor of a province in the ancient Median and Achaemenid (Persian) Empires.
• satrapy The territory under the rule of a satrap.

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Early Civilizations in the Indian Subcontinent

Behistun Inscription
A section of the Behistun Inscription on a limestone cliff of Mount Behistun in western Iran, which became a key in deciphering cuneiform script.

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Early Civilizations in the Indian Subcontinent

Zoroastrian Priest
Painted clay and alabaster head of a Zoroastrian priest wearing a distinctive Bactrian-style headdress, Takhti-Sangin, Tajikistan, Greco-Bactrian
kingdom, 3rd-2nd century BCE.

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Early Civilizations in the Indian Subcontinent

Persian reliefs in the city of Persepolis

Darius the Great moved the capital of the Achaemenid Empire to Persepolis around 522 BCE. He initiated several major architectural projects, including
the construction of a palace and a treasure house.

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Early Civilizations in the Indian Subcontinent

Achaemenid golden bowl with lion imagery

Trade in the Achaemenid Empire was extensive. Infrastructure, including the Royal Road, standardized language, and a postal service facilitated the
exchange of commodities in the far reaches of the empire.

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Early Civilizations in the Indian Subcontinent

Achaemenid Empire in the time of Darius and Xerxes

At its height, theAchaemenid Empire ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest figurefor any empire in history.

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Early Civilizations in the Indian Subcontinent

Relief of Cyrus the Great

Cyrus II of Persia,better known as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire.Under his rule, the empire assimilated all the civilized
states of the ancientNear East and eventually conquered most of Southwest Asia and much of CentralAsia and the Caucasus.

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Early Civilizations in the Indian Subcontinent

Attribution
• Wikipedia. "Xerxes I." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I
• Wikipedia. "Darius the Great." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius_I
• Wikipedia. "Cyrus the Great." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great
• Wikipedia. "Pasargadae." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasargadae
• Wikipedia. "Achaemenid Empire." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire
• Wikipedia. "Darius the Great." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius_the_great
• Wikipedia. "Cyrus Cylinder." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_Cylinder
• Wikipedia. "Babylon." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylon
• Wikipedia. "Aramaic." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic_language
• Wikipedia. "Royal Road." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Road
• Wikipedia. "Behistun Inscription." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behistun_Inscription
• Wikipedia. "Achaemenid Empire." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire
• Wikipedia. "Cyrus the Great." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_great
• Wikipedia. "Zoroastrianism." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrianism

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