Respiratory Diseases

Bordetella pertussis
 Bordetella pertussis
• Habitat: human naso-pharynx, Parasite
causing disease
• Morphology: Gram negative, cocco-bacillus.
Virulent strains are capsulated. Filamentous
forms can occur. Resemble H. influenzae
• Culture: Very sensitive to toxic fatty acids.
Require Bordet-Gengou which contains high
blood concentration, or a charcoal blood agar
medium to absorb these fatty acids
 Bordetella pertussis
• Pathogenicity:
• Cause of whooping cough (pertussis) confined
to young children, with the highest mortality
among those under 1-year old
• Pathogenesis: Incubation period ~ 10-14 days.
Symptoms of fever, runny nose & eyes and a
slight cough develop. At this stage B. pertussis
is present in large numbers in the naso-
pharynx & pt is highly infectious
 Bordetella pertussis cont…
• Thick secretions develop in the trachea,
bronchi, bronchioles to the lung after 2weeks.
• The cough becomes ‘spasmodic’ with each
bout of coughing typically ending in a ‘whoop’,
or inspiratory stridor
• There is high case fatality rate, due tu the
frequent occurrence of a secondary
bronchopneumonia
 Bordetella pertussis cont…
• Immunization:Triple vaccine of DPT
– First dose is given when the child is 2-3 months
old
– Second dose is given about 4 weeks later
– A booster dose is given 9 months later

20% OF IMMUNIZED CHILDREN MAY DEVELOP

PERTUSSIS following exposure to infection, but the
illness become less severe
 Lecure 20
Part II
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
• Causes: Some people get pulmonary fibrosis when
they are exposed to something in their environment,
like pollution, certain medicines, or an infection.
• But most of the time, doctors don't know what
causes IPF. That's what "idiopathic" means.
• It might be more likely to get IPF if you:
• Breathe in wood or metal dust at work or home or
have acid reflux disease or Smoke cigarettes
 IPF cont…
• Sometimes IPF runs in families. Doctors think
broken genes could cause the disease in some
people. No one knows yet which genes may
be involved.
 IPF cont…
• IPF- causes scar tissue to grow inside the lungs
• Usually, when breathing in, oxygen moves
through tiny air sacs into the bloodstream
• This oxygen-rich blood then travels back to the
heart. From there, it travels to all the other
organs in the body
 IPF cont…
• IPF scar tissue is thick, like the scars one gets
on the skin after a cut. The scar slows oxygen
flow from the lungs to the blood, which can
disturb the body from working as it should
• Low oxygen levels and the stiff scar tissues
causes difficulties in breathing
 Symptoms
• You can have IPF for a long time without noticing any
symptoms, if the scarring in the lungs gets worse, you
might have:
• A dry, hacking cough that doesn't go away
• Shortness of breath, especially when walking or doing
other activities
• Feeling more tired than usual
• Joints and muscles ache
• Weight loss & The tips of fingers & toes gets wider,
called clubbing