An Introduction to My CFD Code

(2D Version)
Jiannan(Jay) Tan
 Highlights
• 1. Based on MATLAB.
• 2. Aiming on 2D, Steady, Laminar, viscous flow.
• 3. Using unstructured, arbitrary-shape,
collocated grids.
• 4. Navier-Stokes equations are solved and
velocity and pressure are calculated.
• 5. Results are compared with those results
from FLUENT.
• 6. A few benchmarking cases are tested.
 How does the code work
2D Code

Part 1: Mesh reader Part 2: N-S Equation Solver

Files in certain format Velocity filed U, V and Part 3: Post-processing

that contains the mesh Pressure P. sub-programs
information. For
example, the FLUENT
*.msh file.
Visualized vector plots
and contours.
 The Data structure of Mesh
3 elemental data groups 7 important variables:
B(xb, yb)
which decide the whole mesh:

1. Point ID (x, y)
2. Face ID (A, B, P, nb, property ) 2.Face velocity components
3. Cell ID (3, face1, face2, face3) 4.Face normal
1.Flow flux
Cell ID = P
U,V,P
3.Face area
C(xc, yc)
5.Face velocity components’ gradient
6.Volume
7.Presssure gradient A(xa, ya)
 The N-S Euqation Solver
Steady flow

   ( U )    (  ())  P
Momentum
equation:
t

Continuity
equation:   ( U )  0
1. Discretization: Gauss Theorem
2. Face Mass Flux and Face Scalar
3. SIMPLE Method
4. Least Square Method
5. Pressure-Correction Equation
6. Convergence Criteria
 Methodology-SIMPLE Method
Initial guess of u, v and p

Solving the dicretized momentum

equations and get interim velocity u, v

Calculating the face mass flux using

Resuming momentum interpolation method
iteration with
new u, v and p Solving the discretized continuity
equation and geting the pressure
correction p’

Correcting the cell-central pressure

and velocity

Convergence reached?

Post-processing
Discretizing Momentum Equations
Using Gauss Theorem
  ( U )    (  ( ))  P

   ( U )  dv     ( ())  dv   P  dv
 ( U )  nˆ  ds     ( ())  nˆ  ds  P  V 

 (F )   [ D  (   )  D ]  P 
nb. face
n
nb. face
d E P Cross V


(a p  p )n  [ 
nb. face
ae e  S p ]n  (P  V )n1

Interim velocity u, v

MIM
 Pressure-Correcton Equation
 (anb  unb )e  ( Su )e
ye
ue  nb. face
 ( PP  PE )  
(a )  ue 
u
p e 
nb. face
(anb  unb )e  ( Su )e  ( PP  PE )   ye (a up )e (a up )e

(a vp )e  ve   (anb  vnb )e  ( Sv )e  ( PP  PE )   xe  (anb  vnb )e  ( Sv )e

x
nb. face ve  nb. face
v
 ( PP  PE )  
v
e

(a )
p e (a ) p e

ye
ue'  ( PP'  PE' )  

(a up )e
xe
ve'  ( PP'  Pe' )   Nb
  y2   x2
(a vp )e [(
e 1 a u

a v
)( PP'  PE' )  (  u '  y)e  (  v '  x)e ]  0
P P

Continuity Equation, Nb
assume u=u’+u*
Nb
a P   (aE PE' )  Mass.imbalance.in.to.cell.P
P P
'

 [( u
e 1
*
 y )e  ( v*  x)e  (  u '  y ) e  (  v '  x) e ]  0 e 1
Momentum Interpolation Method
1. Used after interim velocity is achieved after solving
momentum equations.
2. Applied in order to eliminate oscillating pressure field.
Sometimes called ‘pressure smooth term’.
3. Used to calculate mass imbalance into each cell in this
code.
Least Square Method
Backup slide: A failed try using LSM
 Covergence Criteria
• The ratio of Maximum imbalance rate into a
single cell over the inlet mass flow rate
Validation & Verification

1. Straight pipe flow

2. Jet flow
3. Flow around a cube
4. Z-pipe flow
Test Case 1: Flow in a straight channel
Case 1: FLUENT solution

U(max)=1.47
Test Case 1: Flow in a straight channel

U(max)=1.46
Test Case 2: Sudden Expansion-Jet
Flow
Case 2: FLUENT solution: Velocity vector

U(max)=1.33
Case 2: FLUENT solution: Vortex pattern
Test Case 2: My code solution

U(max)=1.34
Case 2: Comparison of vortex length
Test case 3: Flow in a Z-pipe
Case 3: FLUENT solution: Velocity vector

U(max)=1.44
Case 3: FLUENT solution: Vortex pattern
Test case 3: My code solution

U(max)=1.44
Case 3: Comparison of vortex length
Test case 4: Flow past a square cylinder
Case 4: FLUENT solution: Velocity vector

U(max)=1.43
Case 4: FLUENT solution: Vortex pattern
Test case 4: My code solution

U(max)=1.41
Case 4: Comparison of vortex length
 Case 4: Comparison of Cd
FLUENT My Code

Pressure Force 1.275 1.299

Viscous Force 0.601 0.541

Total Force 1.876 1.840

Cd 3.752 3.680

Density =1, viscosity =0.05, Frontal area =1, U=1

Backup slide: Case 4 FLUENT report
 Futher Development
• 1. Optimization
• 2. Different methods to dicretized the momentum euqation.
• 3. Different methods to calculate the pressure gradient.
• 4. Different methods to do the iteration.
• 5. Parallel computation.
• 6. Mesh generator.
• 7. More advanced models.
• 8. Advanced post-processor.
• 9. Commercialize the code, sell it to MATLAB :-D