Ozone (O3) Reaction with

Manganese (Mn)
GROUP 4
1. EVAN LIBRIANDY (1406607722)
2. HANDRIANTO WIJAYA (1406568154)
3, KEVIN ANTONIO TITO (1406568091)
4. OSEL SAKADEWA (1406604600)
5. RANA REZEKI NAJEGES (1406553026)
 Manganese (Mn) Characteristics

 Manganese (Mn) is a metal element with silver-grayish

(silvery-gray) color. It is often found in minerals in a form
of combination with iron. Manganese’s standard
atomic weight about 54,94 g.mol-1. Manganese used
as steel element and used in pigment industries,
welding, fertilizer, pesticide, ceramic, electronic, alloys,
battery, paint and food additives.
 Manganese (Mn) Characteristics

 Generally Manganese available in compound in several valence number. In correspond

with water quality, Manganese usually found in compound with 2, 4 or 6 valence number.
Concentration of Manganese and iron compounds in water vary, depend on acidity of
water.

 Manganese has 2 valence in MnCO3 compound and has low solubility in water. However,
Manganese compounds such as MnCl2, MnSO4, Mn(NO3)2 have high solubility in water
(Eaton Et.al, 2005; Janelle, 2004 and Said, 2003).
Manganese (Mn) Characteristics

 The concentration of manganese in a natural water

system is generally less than 0.1 mg / L.

 Common processing method is less effective if the

concentration of manganese in water exceeds 1 mg /
L.

 In this case, the water processing needs special

processing methods.
Manganese (Mn) Reduction Reaction
by Ozone (O3)

 Ozone oxidizes soluble manganese Mn2+ to form particulate (removable)

manganese dioxide [MnO2– Mn(IV)].
 Manganese removal. Compared with the different forms of iron, the
conversion of Mn2+ into MnO2 requires more oxidizing energy than the
conversion of Fe2+ into Fe(OH)3
 The oxidation reaction of manganese by ozone takes the following form
 Manganese (Mn) Reduction Reaction
by Ozone (O3)

 Due to extremely fast kinetics of iron oxidation, uncomplexed Fe(II) can easily
out-complete Mn(II) for ozone. Therefore, on the case where groundwater
contans iron, manganese oxidation occurs at low doses, such that only after
the Fe(II) is nearly gone, the oxidation of Mn(II) begins.

 On the case where groundwater and water have low organic contents, the
doses of ozone required to completely oxidize iron and manganese are close
to the theoretic stoichiometric doses, 0.43 mg O3 mg-1 Fe and 0.88 mg O3 mg-1
Mn, that is, if the treated water contains no other ozone-demanding
substances, such as nitrites or sulfide.
 Manganese (Mn) Reduction Reaction
by Ozone (O3)

 However, excessive doses will lead to the formation of soluble (non-

removable) permanganate [MnO4- - Mn(VII)], which gives the water a pinkish
color.
 This soluble form of manganese corresponds to a theoretical stoichiometry of
2.20 mg O3 L-1 Mn.
 In the presence of readily oxidizable organics, most, if not all, ozone-produced
permanganate can return to the insoluble manganese dioxide, given
sufficient time, e.g., 20 to 30 min.
 Ozone treatment of manganese removal must be implemented carefully to
ensure that manganese is captured in the treatment process and that soluble
manganese (permanganate) doesn’t formed and subsequently discharged
from the filters. Reducing permanganate to MnO2 must occur within the filter.
 Manganese (Mn) Reduction Reaction
by Ozone (O3)
 The oxidation of manganese with ozone is less dependent on pH than for other oxidants.
 As a result, ozone is more likely to offer kinetic advantages at low pH than at high pH.
With regard to groundwater, the use of ozone has another additional advantage of re-
oxygenating the water at the same time.
 On the other hand, higher levels of ozone ultimately lead to the formation of
permanganate, which persisted through filtration.
 In addition to effective manganese removal, intermediate re-carbonation and ozonation
can lead to a reduction in the UV absorbance of the filtered water and in the
concentration of tri-halo-methane (THM) precursors.
 Manganese (Mn) Reduction Reaction
by Ozone (O3)

 The precise excess ozone dose depends on the bicarbonate concentration: the
presence of high concentration of bicarbonate can modify the consumption of
oxidant such that less ozone is required.

 Once the manganese is oxidized to Mn(III) or Mn(IV), it can be removed by

flocculation and sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, or multi-media filtration.
Filtration through “aged” sand is especially efficient as it also permits the removal
of small amounts of reduced manganese.
 Manganese (Mn) Reduction Reaction
by Ozone (O3)

 With time, the sand grains become coated with oxides of manganese and iron, and exhibit the
“greensand” effect. This is a catalytic phenomenon that includes adsorption of Mn(II) on the
oxide surface and subsequent oxidation. For this latter process to occur over long periods of time,
the sand surface must be periodically exposed to a chemical oxidant such as chlorine or
permanganate.

 The oxidants undergo a redox reaction at the oxide surface, thereby renewing its oxidative
power. As a result, small amounts of permanganate can be removed through filtration; however,
excessive amounts will result in breakthrough.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA

 Ahmad bin Jusoh. Et. al. 2005. Study on the Removal of Iron and Manganese in Groundwater by
Granular Activated Carbon. Santa Margherita – Italia : Elsevier.
 Anonim. Iron and Manganese Removal. Minnesota – USA : SDWA
 Alaerts, G. dan Sri Santika Sumestri. 1987. Metode Penelitian Air. Surabaya: Usaha Nasional
 Arifin. 2007. Tinjauan dan Evaluasi Proses Kimia (Koagulasi, Netralisasi, Desinfeksi) di Instalasi
Pengolahan Air Minum Cikokol, Tangerang. Tangerang : PT. Tirta Kencana Cahaya Mandiri.
 Arifiani, N.F dan Hadiwidodo, M. 2007. Evaluasi Desain Instalasi Pengolahan Air PDAM Ibu Kota
Kecamatan Prambanan Kabupaten Klaten. Semarang : FT-TL Universitas Diponegoro.
 Bruce Seelig. Et. al. 1992. Treatment System for Household Water Supplies ; Iron and Manganese
Removal. USA : NDSU.
 C. Calderon. Et. al. 2005. Iron And Manganese Removal From Water. Mexico : Mexican Institute of
Water Technology
 Eaton, Andrew. Et.al. 2005. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21st Edition.
Marryland – USA : American Public Health Association.
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