FACT DEVICES IN POWER

SYSTEM NET WORK

Rakesh Dundigalla
14621A020 3
 CONTENTS

 Introduction
Types of FACTS Controllers
FACTS Controllers
Benefits of FACTS Controllers
Control of power system
Conclusion
Reference
 INTRODUCTION

 The term FACTS describes a wide range of controllers ,many of which

incorporate large power electronic converters.

 In general ,FACTS devices possess the following technological

attributes:
i) Provide dynamic reactive power support and
ii) Voltage control
iii) Improve system stability
iv) Control real and reactive power flow

 FACTS is a new integrated concept based on electronic based converter

to enhance system utilization and reliability,stability,and power quality of
ac transmission system
 HISTORY
 Dr. Narain Hingorani is a father of FACTS technology.

 The first FACTS installation was at C . J. Slatt substation near

Arlington, Oregon.

 This is a 500 kv 3 Ph 60 Hz substation and was developed by

EPRI, the Bonneille Power Administration and general electric
component
 OBJECTIVES OF FACTS
CONTROLLERS

 The main objectives of FACTS controllers are the

following:
1. Regulation of power flows in prescribed transmission
routes.
2. Secure loading of transmission lines nearer to their
thermal limits.
3. Prevention of cascading outages by contributing to
emergency control.
TYPES OF FACTS CONTROLLERS
 Series controllers:
 The series controller could be a variable impedance, such as
capacitor, reactor, or a power electronics based variable source of
main frequency, and harmonic frequencies to serve the desired
load.

 In principle, all series controllers inject voltage in series with the

line. As long as the voltage is in phase quadrature with the line
current, the series controller only supplies or consumes variable
reactive power.

 Series controllers include SSSC, IPFC, TCSC, TSSC, TCSR, and

TSSR.
 Shunt Controllers.

 As in the case of series controllers, the shunt controllers may be

variable impedance, variable source, or a combination of these.

 In principle, all shunt controllers inject current into the system at the
point of connection.

 Even a variable shunt impedance connected to the line voltage

causes a variable current flow and hence represents injection of current
into the line.
 Single line diagram of shunt compensated
transmission line
 FACTS CONTROLLERS
STATCOM :
 A static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) also
known as synchronous condenser.

 STATCOM is a regulating device used on alternating

current electricity transmission networks .

 It is based on a power electronics voltage source converter

 Uses:

 It is installed to support electricity networks that have a poor power

factor and often poor voltage regulation

 Mostly used for voltage stability

 It is also provide better reactive power support at low AC voltage

 The current can nbe maintained at rated value even down to low AC
voltages
 SVC :

 Static VAR compensator is a set of electrical devices for providing

fast acting reactive power on high voltage electricity transmission
system .

 Elements which may be used to make an SVC typically include:

i) TCR where reactor may be air or iron cored
ii) TSC
iii) Harmonic filter
 Advantages :
 Gives instantaneous response to changes in the system
voltage.

 They are in general cheaper, higher capacity, faster and

more reliable than dynamic compensaror scheme.

 Enhance controllability and increase power transfer

capability
Benefits of facts controllers:
 Cost
 Convenience
 Environmental impact
 Contribute to optimal system operation by reducing power
losses and improving voltage profile.
 Increase the loading capability of the lines to their
thermal capabilities, including short term and seasonal.
 Provide greater flexibility in sitting new generation
CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEM

 In any power system, the creation, transmission, and

utilization of electrical power can be separated into three
areas, which traditionally determined the way in which
electric utility companies had been organized. These are
illustrated in Figure and are:

 • Generation
 • Transmission

 • Distribution
 CONTROLLABILITY
 To illustrate that the power system only has certain variables that
can be impacted by control, we have considered here the power-
angle curve, shown in Figure .
 Although this is a steady-state curve and the implementation of
FACTS is primarily for dynamic issues, this illustration
demonstrates the point that there are primarily three main variables
that can be directly controlled in the power system to impact its
performance. These are:
 • Voltage
 • Angle
 • Impedance
 DISADVANTAGES:

High initial costs

Joints required for contraction and expansion

Generally rough riding quality

High repair cost

 CONCLUSION

 This paper has presented various FACTS controllers and

analyzed their control attributes and benefits.

 The flexible ac transmission system (FACTS), a new

technology based on power electronics, offers an opportunity
to enhance controllability, stability, and power transfer
capability of ac transmission systems.
THANK YOU!!!