TODAY’S AGENDA ON EXIT TICKET

• Bell Ringer (20 Minutes) • Bell Ringer

• Introduce Lesson (5 Minutes) • Video Clip Answer(s)
• Video Clip (10 Minutes) • Section(s) Review
• 1 Thing you learned
• Lecture & Discussion (20
Minutes)
• Political Cartoon, Source
Document or Mini Debate (10
minutes)
• Whole Group Review (5
minutes)
• Section Review on Exit Ticket
(20 minutes)
 The Iron Curtain Falls on Europe
25-1

The Main Idea

At the end of World
War II, tensions
between the
Soviet Union and
the United States
deepened,
leading to an era
known as the
Cold War.
 Reason 1 For Cold War:
Logical Differences
• Cold War- competition that developed between
the U.S. and the U.S.S.R

Definition • Lasted until the collapse of the Soviet Union in

1991
• Characterized by political, economic, and military
tension.
• Philosophical differences between the Soviet
Union and the United States reached back to
Philosophical 1917.
Differences
• Soviet Union: communism, totalitarian
dictatorship
• United States: free-enterprise capitalism, republic
 Reason 2 For Cold War:
What took Place During WWII

World War II • Allies during war,

Conflicts but not really
friends
• Soviets wanted
Americans and
British to open
second front
earlier in the war
• Soviets distrust
Americans because
of Manhattan
Project
 Reason 3 For Cold War:
What To Do Following WWII

• What happened at the Yalta Conference?

Differences • Churchill and Roosevelt did not think Germany

At Yalta should pay U.S.S.R $10 billion in war damages
• Soviet Union refuses to live up to their promise of
free elections in Poland

• Truman’s first meeting with Stalin

• At first Truman is willing to compromise, but later
Potsdam hardens
Conference
 The Iron Curtain

• Stalin wanted to retain political and economic control over

Eastern Europe.
• The Soviets managed to install Communist governments
throughout Eastern Europe.
– Stalin outlawed political parties or newspapers that opposed the
Communists.
– The Soviets jailed or killed some political opponents.
– The Soviets rigged elections to ensure the success of Communists.
• The Soviet Union relocated Germans living in Poland and other
countries of Eastern Europe.
 The Iron Curtain

• Soon every nation in Eastern Europe had a Soviet friendly

communist government in place
– Established satellite nations
– Countries subject to Soviet domination
• Czechoslovakia
– Tried to hold onto their democratic system
– When didn’t win election, communists plotted and replaced all non-communist
police officers with those belonging to the party
• Hungary
– Communists lost the election so Soviets stayed and arrested anti-Communists
in order to win the next election
• Romania
– Soviets stayed there and forced the King to name a Communist Prime Minister
and less than 2 years later, he forced the King to resign
 The Iron Curtain

• East Germany
– Stalin determined Germans would never threaten his nation again
• Finland-
– Signed a treaty of cooperation with U.S.S.R which said they must remain
neutral in foreign affairs but could manage domestic affairs
• Yugoslavia was the one Eastern European nation that was not
under the direct control of Stalin and the Soviet Union.
– Josip Broz Tito, a Communist, refused to take orders from the Soviet
Union.
 The Iron Curtain
Western Views of the Iron Curtain
• Winston Churchill attacked the Soviet Union for creating an
Iron Curtain.
• Speech 1946
• Stalin believed that the Iron Curtain was necessary to protect
the Soviet Union from western attacks.
• Reflected Churchill’s belief that communism had created a
sharp division in Europe.
• Harry S Truman urged his secretary of state to get tough with
the Soviets.
• Americans fought to bring democracy and economic
opportunities to Europe
 Roots of the Cold War

Iron Curtain
 How did the United States respond to Soviet
actions in Europe?
Containment Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan
• George F. • Said that the • An aid program to
Kennan created a United States rebuild the
policy known as would help people economies of
containment. fight against European countries
oppressors to create stable
• was a United States
policy to prevent the • Truman wanted to conditions for
spread of communism send aid to Greece democracies
abroad. and Turkey to help • 17 countries
• Containment them fight Soviet received $13.4
included economic pressure. billion dollars in aid.
aid, sanctions, and • Congress agreed • Helped build strong
military force. to send millions of political support in
dollars to Greece Western Europe
and Turkey.
 The Crisis in Berlin

Soviets Bloc Traffic The Berlin Airlift NATO Forms

• In June 1948 the • British and • In 1949 the U.S. and
Soviets announced American planes 6 other nations
that they would began making joined Belgium,
block any road, rail, deliveries to West France, Luxembourg,
or river traffic into Berlin. the Netherlands, and
West Berlin. • The Berlin Airlift the U.K. to form
• West Berlin’s continued for NATO. (North
residents were cut months and Atlantic Treaty
off from food, coal, months. Organization)
and other products. • Finally, the Soviet • An armed attack
• West Berlin was not Union lifted its against one would be
completely cutoff blockade on May considered an attack
because it had 12, 1949. against all.
airstrips.
• Today, 26 countries
belong to NATO.