Chapter 6

Elements of Research Design

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 Research Design

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 Purpose of the Study
Tujuan Pembelajaran
• Exploratory /Eksplorasi
• Descriptive /Deskriptif
• Causal /sebab akibat

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 Purpose of the Study
• Exploratory study:
– is undertaken when not much is known about the situation
at hand, or no information is available on how similar
problems or research issues have been solved in the past.
/Dilakukan ketika tidak banyaknya yang diketahui tentang
situasi yang ditangani, atau tidak adanya informasi yang
tersedia dengan permasalahan yang mirip atau isu
penelitian terdahulu yang telah diselesaikan.
• Example:
– A service provider wants to know why his customers are
switching to other service providers? /Jasa provider ingin
mengetahui kenapa pelanggannya berganti ke jasa
provider yang lain

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 Purpose of the Study
• Descriptive study:
– is undertaken in order to ascertain and be able to describe the characteristics of
the variables of interest in a situation. /untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan
karakteristik variabel yang diteliti dalam suatu situasi.
• Example:
– A bank manager wants to have a profile of the individuals who have loan payments
outstanding for 6 months and more. It would include details of their average age,
earnings, nature of occupation, full-time/part-time employment status, and the
like. This might help him to elicit further information or decide right away on the
types of individuals who should be made ineligible for loans in the future. /Seorang
manager bank ingin mempunyai riwayat pembayaran pinjaman yang belum
diselesaikan selama 6 bulan atau lebih. Yang didalamnya termasuk rincian tentang
umur rata – rata mereka, keuntungan, pekerjaan tetap, status pekerjaan full-time
atau part time, dan semacamnya. Ini mungkin membantu untuk memperoleh
informasi yang lebih jauh atau segera memutuskan tipe nasabah yang seharusnya
tidak dibolehkan untuk mendapatkan pinjaman kedepannya

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 Purpose of the Study
• Causal study: sebab akibat
– Delineating one or more factors that are causing the
problem. /Menggambarkan satu atau beberapa faktor
penyebab masalah
• Example:
– A marketing manager wants to know if the sales of the
company will increase if he increases the advertising
budget. /Manajer pemasaran ingin mengetahui
bagaimana pemasaran perusahaan akan meningkat
jika dia meningkatkan anggaran periklanan
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 Extent of Researcher Interference

• Minimal interference /campur tangan rendah

• Moderate interference /campur tangan
sedang
• Excessive interference /campur tangan tinggi

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 Study Setting
aturan penelitian
• Contrived/ dibuat: artificial setting /aturan
buatan

• Non-contrived /tidak dibuat: the natural

environment where work proceeds normally
/keadaan normal di tempat kerja

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 Research Strategies
• Experiments/ eksperimen
• Survey Research/ survey penelitian
• Observation /observasi
• Case studies /studi kasus
• Grounded theory /teori dasar
• Action research/ tindakan penelitian
• Mixed Methods/ metode campuran

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 Population to be studied
populasi yang diteliti
• Unit of analysis / analisis unit
– Individuals/ individu
– Dyads/ diad
– Groups/ grup
– Organizations/ organisasi
– Cultures / budaya

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 Time Horizon
• Cross-sectional studies/ penelitian cross-sectional
– Snapshot of constructs at a single point in time/ gambaran konsep pada
satu batas waktu
– Use of representative sample/ menggunakan sampel yang mewakili

• Multiple cross-sectional studies/ penelitian multiple cross - sectional

– Constructs measured at multiple points in time ukuran konsep pada
beberapa batas waktu
– Use of different sample gunakan sampel yang berbeda

• Longitudinal studies/ penelitian longitudinal

– Constructs measured at multiple points in time/ ukuran konsep pada
beberapa batas waktu
– Use of same sample = a true panel/ gunakan sampel yang sama = panel
benar

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