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Holistic Care

D R . A L I D . A B B A S / I N S T R U C TO R , F U N D A M E N TA L S OF NURSING D E PA RT M E N T, COLLEGE OF NURSING,


U N I V E R S I T Y O F B A G H D A D, A L I D U K H A N @ U O B . E D U . I Q
As a nurse, you will be a professional caregiver. Your
intimate contact with clients allows you the opportunity not
only to provide physical and emotional support but also to
teach ways to take an active role in maintaining health.
Sebagai perawat, Anda akan menjadi pengasuh
profesional. Kontak intim Anda dengan klien memungkinkan
Anda kesempatan tidak hanya untuk memberikan dukungan
fisik dan emosional, tetapi juga mengajarkan cara untuk
berperan aktif dalam menjaga kesehatan.
Konsep Kesehatan yang saling terkait
1. Interrelated Concepts of Health
Health is "the condition of being sound in body, mind, or spirit" (Merriam-Webster Online
Dictionary, 2008).
The WHO defines health as follows: "Health is a state of complete physical,
mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (WHO, 1974).
Health refers to the total well-being of the whole person. (Telstar Innovations, Inc., 2000).
Kesehatan adalah "kondisi menjadi suara dalam tubuh, pikiran, atau jiwa" (Merriam-Webster
Online Dictionary, 2008).
WHO mendefinisikan kesehatan sebagai berikut: "Kesehatan adalah keadaan kesehatan fisik,
mental, dan sosial yang lengkap dan bukan hanya tidak adanya penyakit atau kelemahan" (WHO,
1974).
Kesehatan mengacu pada total kesejahteraan seluruh pribadi. (Telstar Innovations, Inc., 2000)
Holistic is a term derived from the Greek word holes, meaning "whole." Holistic health views the physical, intellectual,
sociocultural, psychological, and spiritual aspects of a person's life as an integrated whole. These five aspects cannot be
separated or isolated; anything that affects one aspect of a person's life also affects the other aspects.
Healing means to be or become whole. It is a state of harmony or balance in the body, mind, and spirit connection.
(Quinn, 2005)
Homeostasis is the balance or stability that the body strives to achieve among these aspects of a person's life by
continuous adaptation.
Holistik adalah istilah yang berasal dari kata Yunani hole, artinya "whole." Kesehatan holistik memandang aspek fisik,
intelektual, sosiokultural, psikologis, dan spiritual kehidupan seseorang sebagai keseluruhan yang terpadu. Lima aspek ini
tidak dapat dipisahkan atau diisolasi; Segala sesuatu yang mempengaruhi satu aspek kehidupan seseorang juga
mempengaruhi aspek lainnya.
Penyembuhan berarti menjadi atau menjadi utuh. Ini adalah keadaan harmonis atau keseimbangan dalam tubuh, pikiran,
dan koneksi roh. (Quinn, 2005)
Homeostasis adalah keseimbangan atau stabilitas yang tubuh berusaha untuk mencapai antara aspek-aspek kehidupan
seseorang dengan adaptasi terus-menerus
The goal of holistic nursing is
the "enhancement of healing the whole person
from birth to death" (American Holistic Nurses
Association [AHNA], 2004).
The AHNA supports the belief that health involves the
harmonious balance of body, mind, emotions, and spirit
within an ever-changing environment.

The NIH defines holistic care as care that "considers the


whole person, including physical, mental, emotional, and
spiritual aspects.
Among the holistic modalities most frequently used in nursing are the
following:
Biofeedback
Exercise and movement
Goal setting
Humor and laughter
Imagery
Journaling
Massage
Play therapy
Prayer
Therapeutic touch
The holistic nurse is "an instrument of healing and a facilitator in the
healing process (AHNA, 2004). By does the following:

Demonstrates awareness that self-healing is a continual process


Is familiar with self-development
Recognizes personal strengths and weaknesses
Models self-care
Demonstrates awareness that personal presence is as important as technical skills
Respects and loves clients
Presumes that clients know the best life choices
Guides clients in discovering creative options
Listens actively
Shares insights without imposing personal values and beliefs
Accepts client input without judgment
Views time spent with clients as an opportunity to serve and share (adapted from Dossey, 1998)
Wellness is a responsibility, a choice, a
lifestyle design that helps maintain the
highest potential for personal health (Hill &
Howlett, 2005).
The health continuum is a way to visualize the range of an individual's
health, from highest health potential to death.
Abraham Maslow
developed a theory of
behavioral motivation
based on needs. This
theory is often referred to
as Mallow's Hierarchy of
Needs.
2. Providing Quality Care
►The first step in providing quality client care is to be aware of yourself.
What kind of personality do you have?
Is your self-concept positive, or do you have self-doubts and lack self-
confidence?
What are your beliefs and attitudes?
Knowing the answers to such questions will help you in your role as caregiver.
►The next step is taking care of your own needs.
When you attend to the needs in your own life, you are then free to
concentrate on caring for others. Your example of self-care inspires
clients to have confidence that you will provide quality care. Thus,
self-care is a factor in your effectiveness as a caregiver.
Self-awareness is consciously knowing how the
self thinks, feels, believes, and behaves at any specific time.
Being self-aware is a constant process that is focused on the
present. A person's thoughts, feelings, and beliefs are
interrelated and greatly influence behavior. Being self-aware
influences a person in several ways.
For example, experienced nurses—are often anxious about
caring for a specific client. By taking some time to practice self-
awareness, the nurse might discover that the anxiety stems from
never having performed the procedure in question. The nurse can
then deal directly with the situation by reviewing the procedure
and requesting assistance from an instructor or supervisor.
All decisions about
client care must be
made in response to
the client's needs, not
Self-concept is how a person thinks or feels about
himself. These thoughts and feelings come from the
experiences the person has with others and reflect how
the person thinks others view him.
For example, an individual who is constantly ignored or who receives
messages such as "Don't bother me," "Can't you do anything right?" or "You
don't have any sense" may very well begin to view himself in these terms, with
the likely result being a negative self-concept. On the other hand, a person
who is shown caring and who hears messages such as "Let me help you in a
minute," "Let's try it this way," or "Have you thought about ... ?" will move
toward a positive self-concept.
3. Self-Care as a Prerequisite to client care
Physical wellness refers to a healthy body that functions at an optimal
level. To achieve physical wellness, a person must practice:
►Grooming
►Body Mechanics
►Posture
►Smoking
►Drugs and Alcohol
►Nutrition
►Sleep, Rest, Relaxation, and Exercise
Intellectual wellness is the ability to function as an inde-
pendent person capable of making sound decisions. Such decisions are based
on the individual's needs but at the same time take into account the needs of
others. Clear thinking, problem-solving skills, good judgment, and the desire to
continually learn are all qualities found in the person who is intellectually well.
Sociocultural wellness is the ability to appreciate
the needs of others and to care about one's environment and the
inhabitants of it. As a nurse, you will care for clients of all ages and
races who speak different languages and come from various
cultural groups.
Psychological wellness encompasses the

enjoyment of creativity, the satisfaction of the basic need to


love and be loved, the understanding of emotions, and the
ability to maintain control over emotions.
Spiritual wellness manifests as inner strength and
peace.
Spirituality is a broad concept incorporating more
than a client's religious affiliation. It encompasses the beliefs
that a person has that give meaning and purpose to their
existence (Fitchett, 2002).

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