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Grammar Review Exercise #1 (pgs. 91 – 92)
ACT English – Rhetorical Skills
In this segment we will cover…
Lesson #1 Introduction & Question Types (pg. 95)
Organization
Lesson #2 Transitions
Lesson #3 Sentence & Paragraph Order
Style
Lesson #4 Concision
Lesson #5 Appropriate Word Choice
Strategy
Lesson #6 Author’s Goal/Additions & Deletions
Pg. 94
ACT Rhetorical Skills Fast Facts
1. 35 out of 75 English questions will test
“rhetorical skills”
Pg. 95
Lesson #1: Introduction
Rhetorical Skills questions will test style,
organization, and author’s strategy. For some
questions, you will need to understand the
author’s argument and think about the most
logical flow of ideas.
RS Question Types
Style Organization Strategy
Rosie must have heard To make this If the author’s goal
us talking, because she was [main idea],
began to amble over
passage most
logical, paragraph does this passage
to us.
do this?
5 should be
A. NO CHANGE placed…
B. have heard of
C. of heard about
D. of heard
On pg. 96, use your ACT Practice exam to fill in the chart. Then,
answer the questions at the bottom of the page.
RS Question Types
Question Type Have to Read whole passage or paragraph?
Transitions No
Paragraph & Sentence Location Yes
Not necessarily (when the question asks you about
Appropriate Word & Phrase
“matching the author’s style” you have to have some
Choice
understanding)
Concision No
Main Idea(s)/Author’s Goal or
Yes
Purpose
Deletions/Insertions Sometimes
Based on the amount of reading you have to do for each question type, which RS
question types should you approach first?
Lesson #2: Transitions
• Organization questions test transitions
sentences (opening or closing sentences to
paragraphs or the entire passage).
• You will have to read around the
underlined word or phrase, but you will
not have to read the entire passage.
Pg. 97
A.Transition Word Questions
Of the RS organization questions, you should
approach transition word questions first.
• ACT Example
– Which of the following would NOT be an
acceptable replacement to the underlined portion?
A. However,
B. Nevertheless,
C. Alternatively,
D. Finally,
Transitions
• Learning transition words & symbols will
help you attack questions about the logical
order of sentences or paragraphs.
• Learning transition words will also help you
solve “appropriate word choice” questions.
Categories of Common Transition Words
Pg. 99
Using Transitions: Guided Practice
2. Richard applied to sixteen schools. He was afraid his PSAT
scores would hurt his admission chances.
– (Therefore) Richard was afraid his PSAT scores would hurt his
admission chances; therefore, he applied to sixteen schools.
– (Since) Since Richard was afraid that his PSAT scores would
hurt his admission chances, he applied to sixteen schools.
Using Transitions: Guided Practice
3. Harriet, a web developer, would like to move to San
Francisco. It is a very expensive city.
A. NO CHANGE
B. Finally,
C. Therefore,
D. However,
ACT Examples
Example Problem Model Response
2. One of my fondest childhood 2. H. However,
memories at the circus was a
performance in which a robust clown The sentence presents a Contrasting
and his monkey rode a Vespa while
idea from the paragraph/sentence
attempting to pop balloons and throw
prior.
confetti at the crowd.
F. NO CHANGE
G. Additionally,
H. However,
J. Moreover,
ACT Examples
Example Problem Model Response
3. Behind the scenes, there are many 3. B. For Example,
not-so-spectacular things that
happen to the animals. As a result, The sentence presents an idea that is
circus animals live in undignified related to the idea prior and that
conditions, exist most of their continues in the Same Direction/Adds
lives in cages, and spend days, to said idea.
even weeks, on the road. You Try Solving
A. NO CHANGE
B. For example,
C. However,
D. Yet,
ACT Examples
Example Problem Model Response
4. During training, circus animals 4. J. because
experience physical pain and they
are pushed to perform in ways
that do not suit their natural The second complete idea is the
instincts and character. Cause of the first complete idea.
You Try Solving
F. NO CHANGE “And” would work IF it were preceded
G. though by a comma.
H. yet
J. because
Transition Word Practice
• On pg. 101, work with a partner to complete
questions 1 – 3 about transition words &
phrases.
• You will have five minutes.
5 minutes
Transition Word Practice
KEY
1. B. however,
2. H. however,
3. C. although
B. Transitions from Paragraph to Paragraph,
Introductions, and Conclusions
• These transition questions are a little more challenging
because they require you to understand the main
ideas of two paragraphs.
• Example: Given that all of the choices are true, which
one most effectively introduces the information that
follows in this paragraph?
A. NO CHANGE
B. Though school regulations vary,
C. Educated with these options,
D. Mindful of his victory,
Pg. 102
B. Transitions from Paragraph to Paragraph,
Introductions, and Conclusions
1. Which of the following would be the best introduction to
the passage?
A. Elephants require an enormous amount of food – up to
300kg of food per day for a large elephant.
B. Each year, hundreds of elephants and people are killed or
injured when elephants raid farmland and destroy
farmers’ crops.
C. The easiest and least expensive way to protect crops
from elephants is to employ guards.
D. Male elephants are more likely to raid crops than female
elephants.
Answer: B
B. Transitions from Paragraph to Paragraph,
Introductions, and Conclusions
F. NO CHANGE
G. Because of this fact,
H. As a result,
J. Though conservationists disagree,
Answer: H
B. Transitions from Paragraph to Paragraph,
Introductions, and Conclusions
Remember the following:
Does the answer choice retain the original meaning?
Is the answer concise?
Is the answer choice grammatically correct?
Guided Practice
1. Which of the following best introduces Paragraph 2?
A. NO CHANGE
B. The costs are significant, once you consider wasted
time, lost productivity, poor public-health outcomes,
and increased carbon emissions. In the…
C. One of the greatest concerns with failing
infrastructure is the risk it poses to citizens. In the…
D. In the long term, the situation is even more
problematic. In the…
Answer: C
Pg. 103
Guided Practice
2. Which of the following would the best transition from
paragraph 2 to paragraph 3?
F. NO CHANGE
G. In addition to the obvious safety concerns posed by
crumbling infrastructure,
H. Therefore, we must utilize new technologies to ensure that
our infrastructure is more resilient;
J. Infrastructure provides goods and services that have great
contribution to the economy and national defense;
Answer: G
ACT-Style Guided Practice
3. Given that all the choices are true, which one most
effectively concludes paragraph 4?
KEY
1. B
2. F
3. A
Transition Practice – Mixed
Practice
• On pg. 105 – 106, work with a partner to
complete questions 1 – 6 about transition
words & phrases.
• You will have ten minutes.
10 minutes
Transition Practice – Mixed Practice
KEY
1. D (decade less than their)
2. F (NO CHANGE)
3. B (For this reason…)
4. F (However…)
5. B (the consequences of…)
6. F (NO CHANGE)
Class #12 HOMEWORK
• Using ACT Practice Test #1, complete the
following problems:
– Section 1 (English – Transitions) #s 11, 14, 17, 21,
26, 36, 52, 53, 73, 75
CHECKPOINT
• What technique could you use for the Word
Choice questions in the English Section?