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Gene
Portion of a chromosome that controlled a
specific inheritable trait
Nucleotides and Nucleic acids
Nucleotide
COMPOSITION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
Nucleic Acids
Polymers
Polynucleotides
Part of Nucleotide
A five-membered ring monosaccharide
A nitrogen-containing cyclic compound
A phosphate group
COMPOSITION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
SUGARS
DNA – 2-deoxyribose (2-deoxy means that an
oxygen atom is missing from the C2 position of
ribose
RNA – ribose
COMPOSITION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
BASES
Purine (2)
Contains two-fused nitrogen-containing ring
Adenine
Guanine
Pyrimidine (3)
Has one nitrogen-containing ring
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
COMPOSITION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
Nucleotides
Can add additional phosphate groups to
form diphosphate or triphosphate esters
DNA
BASES DEOXYRIBONUCLEOSIDES DEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDES
– NUCLEOSOMES
• acidic DNA + basic
histones
• attract each other by
electrostatic (ionic) forces
STRUCTURE OF DNA AND RNA
DNA
Is almost always double-stranded (helical
structure
2’-deoxyribose
RNA
Single-stranded
Ribose