Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment &

Determining Control (HIRAC)

BS OHSAS 18001:2007
 HIRAC
What is Hazard? What is risk?

Source Likelihood of
occurrence
of hazardous
Situation Act event

Risk
Harm or
ill health What is Ill Health?
Severity of
ill injury / ill
health health

Adverse Adverse
physical mental
condition
 HIRAC

Why HIRAC ?

Legal Factor Human Factor Financial Factor

Cost Reduction
Save Life
Act / Rule
Minimize risk of life

Minimize Injury Penalty

Stack holder
Contract Condition
Staff moral
Productivity
 HIRAC

Provide appropriate
controls

ALL Risk level PERFORMED AT

PURPOSE

Activities Head Office

Sub activities likelihood Regional Office
Process Workshop
Task Projects
Associated
consequences

identify OH&S hazards

 Assessing Risk
What is a risk assessment?

“Process of evaluating the risk arising from a hazard (s), taking into account the adequacy of any existing
controls, and deciding whether or not the risk(s) is acceptable”.

Why risk assessment required?

You

Risk
Assessmen
t
Requireme
nt

Business Other
 Assessing Risk
Factors to be considered while assessing risk:

People

Equipment Factors Location

Process
activity
 Assessing Risk

Probability

Low

Low
 Assessing Risk

Probability

Low
Medium
 Assessing Risk

Probability

Low
Medium High
 Assessing Risk

Probability
 Assessing Risk

Severity
High

Medium

Low
Assessing Risk
 Assessing Risk

RISK

5 15 25
 Assessing Risk
Evaluate the Risk / Risk assessment Matrix

Probability:
5 5 15 25
5 – Certain

3 – Likely
Increasing Probability

3 3 9 15 1 – Unlikely

Severity:
1 1 3 5
5 – Catastrophic
1 3 5
3 – Major
Increasing Severity
1 – Minor
 Assessing Risk
RISK PRIORITY CHART - Severity

Occupational Safety Hazard (Severity) Occupational Health Hazard (Severity)

Severity Severity
Severity of risk Description Severity of risk Description
factor factor

•Resume work immediately after FA or Minimal •Resume work

Minimal
within 48 hrs; •Medical aid immediately after
•First aid injury
•Minor delay to resume operation. 1 illness FA 1
•Injury (absence less
•Cost of property damage within INR •ill health less •Resume work
than 48 hrs)
50,000/- than 48hrs within 48 hrs
Major/Serious •Resume work after 48 hours •Resume work after
Major/Serious
•Lost time injury •Temporary/permanent disablement of 48 hrs
•ill health
(absence more than body organ •Disabling illness
3 •Absence more 3
48 hrs), •Suspension of operation for few hours resulting into
than 48hrs or
•Temporary/permane •Property damage cost between INR disablement of
disabling illness
nt disablement 50000/- to INR/- 10,00,000/ body organ.
•Loss of life; total failure of machinery
Catastrophic Catastrophic
or catastrophic damages (structural Death due to
Fatalities or •Death due to
damages etc) 5 Occupational 5
Collapsing of Occupational
•Undefined Suspension of operation . diseases
structure diseases
•Damage above INR 10,00,000/-
 Assessing Risk
RISK PRIORITY CHART - Probability

Probability ( Occupational Safety and health Hazard)

Probability
Probability of risk Description
factor

Never known to have happened in GIL or other

Unlikely 1
industry

Known to have happened more than once in GIL

Likely 3
projects

Certain Sure to happen or happens regularly at the project 5

 Assessing Risk

RISK LEVEL INDEX AND ACTION

Risk Score
Risk Level Action
(Range)

A risk identified as low may be considered as acceptable and further

reduction may not be necessary. However, if the risk can be resolved
1 to 3 Low
quickly and efficiently, control measures should be implemented and
recorded.

A risk requires a planned approach to controlling the hazard and applies

5 to 9 Medium temporary measure if required. Actions taken must be documented on the
risk assessment form including date for completion.

A risk requires immediate action to control the hazard as detailed in the

Above 9 High hierarchy of control. Actions taken must be documented on the risk
assessment form including date for completion.
 Controlling Risk

If you want to reduce the risk, you’ll need to: 5 5 15 25

How do you reduce risk?
• Reduce Probability

Increasing Probability
• Reduce Severity 3 3 9 15
• Reduce both

1 1 3 5

1 3 5
Increasing Severity
 Controlling Risk Level
To decide on the risk control there is a hierarchy of risk control i.e.

1. Eliminate hazard E.g. eliminating the need to work in a confined space.

E.g. using a hydraulic machine in wet condition instead of electrical

2. Substitution
power driven machine to avoid shock hazards.

3. Engineering control E.g. installing guarding on equipment or

operating machinery remotely

E.g. displaying warning signs or

4. Administrative controls providing safety training

E.g. using respiratory protection to minimize

5. PPE
exposure to inhalation of silica dust, fine
particles, cement dust etc.
 Controlling Risk level
Example - 1

5 5 15 25
Increasing Probability

3 3 9 15

1 1 3 5

1 3 5
Increasing Severity
 Controlling Risk level
Example - 2

5 5 15 25
Increasing Probability

3 3 9 15

1 1 3 5

1 3 5
Increasing Severity
 Controlling Risk
Risks must be reduced so far as is reasonably practicable
 Hazards

Under age workers

Damaged grinding wheel

Non usages of PPE’s

Untrained workers

No wheel guard
Unprotected & improper
storing of cylinders No plug top

Wet Floor Unguarded tools

 Consequences

Legal Violation results work stop / penalty Braking of wheel causing

injury to personnel

Personnel Injury result to

cut injury / breathing Personnel injury while
problem performing job

Body trap may result into

major injury
Hit injury to personnel
results LTA

Electrocution

Slipping of personnel result

major injury / electrocution Contact of human body
results cut / crush injury
Control Measures
 Control Measures

Deploy worker those Use of proper

have completed 18 year grinding wheel (size)

Conduct trade test

before selection /
deployment
Provide Wheel
guard as per
Mandatory Use
Use trolley, proper manufacturer
of quality PPE’s
cable routing, secure recommendation
in vertical position

Sign Board, Provide

Housekeeping Plug top , check
periodically
Review of Risk Assessment

•Amendment of any legislation

•At least once in six months.

•New type of job

•Changing in existing process/activity

•Modification in site layout

•Current SOP / Method statement Changed

•New safety equipment / equipment deputed

•After any incident / accident investigation

•As a result of safety audit, safety inspection etc

 HIRAC Documents

DETAIL PROCESS

• Procedure of HIRAC - GIL-ORGN-MGM-D-022

• Format of HIRAC - GIL-ORGN-MGM-F-022

• Sample HIRAC register – Batching Plant