GSM BASED TRANSFORMER MONITORING

TRANSFORMER HEALTH MONITORING

WIRELESS USING RF COMMUNICATION

Under the Guidance of

Submitted by
OVERVIEW
 The main aim of the project is to acquire data of
distribution transformers remotely by GSM
 one temperature sensor, one potential transformer and one
current transformer are used.
 These three parameters of the transformer are monitored
and then send the same data to a remote location.
 Current transformer arrangement provides a maximum of 5
A current can be sensed.
 Potential Transformer is used to sense the voltage
fluctuations of the Transformer.
 All these three sensing arrangements are done through an
ADC 0808 and it will send the data to microcontroller
 They are then sent directly to GSM module operating at
2.4GHz for transmitting the same data.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Transmitter section
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Receiver section
 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

 POWER SUPPLY BLOCK

 MICROCONTROLLER AT89S52/AT89C51
 GSM 2.4GHZ MODULE
 REGULATORS
 DIODES
 LCD 16X2
 CAPACITORS
 CURRENT TRANSFORMER
 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
 LM 35 TEMPARATURE SENSOR
 ADC 0808
POWER SUPPLY
230 V AC Bridge rectifier 5v Regulator
50 Hz

5V
DC

12V step down Filter(470µf)

transformer
MICROCONTROLLER
 It is a smaller computer
 Microcontroller is defined as a system on computer chip which includes number
of peripherals like RAM, EEPROM, etc. required to perform some predefined
task.
 There are number of popular families of microcontrollers which are used in
different applications as per their capability and feasibility to perform various task,
mostly used of these are 8051, AVR and PIC microcontrollers.
 In this subject we will introduce you with AVR family of microcontrollers. AVR
is an 8-bit microcontroller belonging to the family of Reduced Instruction Set
Computer (RISC).
 In RISC architecture the instruction set of the computer are not only fewer in
number but also simpler and faster in operation.
 The microcontroller transmits and receives 8-bit data.
 The input/output registers available are also of 8-bits. The AVR families
controllers have register based architecture which means that both the operands
for an operation are stored in a register and the result of the operation is also
stored in a register.
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A MICRO CONTROLLER-AT89S52/51

 External
interrupts
 On-  Timer/Count
er
 Inte chip  On  Time  Cou
rru RO
-  rTime
1 nter
pt M
chi r0 Inp
Con for
p uts
 CP
trol prog
RA
U ram
M
code
 Bus  S
 4 I/O
 OS Con er
Ports
C trol ia
l
P0 P1 P2
TxD


P3 P
 Address RxD
or
FEATURES OF AT89S51/52
PIN DESCRIPTION
 GSM MODULE
 GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM
wireless network. A wireless modem is like a dial-up
modem.
 The basic difference between them is the dial-up modem
sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line
while the wireless modem sends and receives data through
waves.
 Like a GSM mobile phone, a GSM [7] modem also requires
a SIM card from a wireless carrier to operate. Baud-rate of
9600bps, 19200bps, 38400bps and 57600bps. It also
supports 4 unique RF
 Channel selections to reduce congestions on the same
channel during peer-to-peer communication.
DIAGRAM FOR GSM MODULE
ABOUT ADC 0808
 The ADC0808 data acquisition component is a monolithic
CMOS device with an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter,
 8-channel multiplexer and microprocessor compatible
control logic.
 The 8-bit A/D converter uses successive approximation as
the conversion technique.
 The converter features a high impedance chopper
stabilized comparator
 A 256R voltage divider with analog switch tree and a
successive approximation register.
PIN DIAGRAM OF ADC 0808
 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)
 Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and
20x2 displays.
 This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per
line by 2 lines, respectively.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
The display used is 16x2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display); which means
16 characters per line by 2 lines. The standard is referred as
HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data
from an external source (Here Atmega16) and communicates directly
with the LCD. Here 8-bit mode of LCD is used, i.e., using 8-bit data
bus.
.
 LCD BACKGROUND
 If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines
(3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus)
 The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW
 EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data)
 RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command)
(When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data )
 R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD)
(When RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD)
 LM 35 TEMPARATURE SENSOR
 LM35 are used to sense the heat and an IC ADC0808 is used to convert
the data into digital.
 LM35 digital sensor has got 3 pin’s i.e., VCC, GND and output pin’s
when
LM35 is heated the voltage at output pin increases, it is connected to the
analog to digital convertor IC (ADC).
 The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors,
whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius
(Centigrade) temperature.
 The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors
calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large
constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade
scaling.
 …..contd

 The LM35 does not require any external calibration or

trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±1⁄4˚C
at room temperature and ±3⁄4˚C over a full −55 to +150˚C

temperature range.
 RELAY
 IT IS A ELECTRO MAGNETIC SWITCH

 USED TO CONTROL THE ELECTRICAL DEVICES

 COPPER CORE MAGNETIC FLUX PLAYS MAIN ROLE HERE

 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers, real-time kernels,

debuggers, simulators, integrated environments, evaluation boards, and
emulators for ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3, XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU
families.
 Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language to object code.
Desktop compilers produce an output object code for the underlying
microprocessor, but not for other microprocessors.
 i.e the programs written in one of the HLL like ‘C’ will compile the code to run on
the system for a particular processor like x86 (underlying microprocessor in the
computer).
 For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the Compilers for Unix
platform So if one wants to define a compiler then compiler is a program that
translates source code into object code.
APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
FUTURE SCOPE
 BIBILOGRAPHY
 “The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems”
by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi ,
Pearson Education.
 ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets.
 www.atmel.com
 www.beyondlogic.org
 www.wikipedia.org
 www.howstuffworks.com
 www.alldatasheets.com
 ES ?
E RI
QU
TH A N KYO U