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Electromagnetic

Radiation

Photons Light
These three are the same…
• Light
* pure energy
• Electromagnetic Waves
* energy-carrying waves emitted by
vibrating electrons
• Photons
* particles of light
Electromagnetic
Waves
• Demo
– Tesla Coil, Radio, Fluorescent light
Electromagnetic
Wave Velocity
• The speed of light is the same for all
seven forms of light.

• It is 300,000,000 meters per second or


186,000 miles per second.
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Radio Waves - communication
• Microwaves - used to cook
• Infrared - “heat waves”
• Visible Light - detected by your eyes
• Ultraviolet - causes sunburns
• X-rays - penetrates tissue
• Gamma Rays - most energetic
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC
SPECTRUM
EM Waves Sources
Radio Waves Vibrating charges
Microwaves Molecular vibrations
Infrared Molecular vibrations
Visible Atomic vibrations
Ultraviolet Atomic vibrations
X-rays Atomic vibrations
Gamma rays Nuclear vibrations
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
• A range of light waves extending in
wavelength from radio waves to
gamma rays
The Visible Spectrum

•A range of light waves extending in wavelength


from about 400 to 700 namometers.
Transparent
Materials
• Transparent - the term applied to
materials through which light can pass in
straight lines
Opaque Materials
• Opaque - the term applied to materials
that absorb light
Example Questions
• Are clouds transparent or opaque to visible
light?
–Answer: opaque

• Are clouds transparent or opaque to


ultraviolet light?
–Answer: transparent
Shadows
• Umbra - the darker part of a shadow
where all the light is blocked

• Penumbra - a partial shadow

• These terms also apply to Solar Eclipses


and Lunar Eclipses.
Solar Eclipse
Umbra
Sun
Full Shadow Earth

Moon
Partial Shadow
Penumbra

• A solar eclipse occurs when


the Moon passes in front of
the Sun.
Lunar Eclipse
Sun
Earth
Moon

• A lunar eclipse occurs when


the Moon passes into the
Earth's shadow.
Questions
• Which type of eclipse is dangerous to
view with the unprotected eye?

• Why are lunar eclipses more


commonly seen than solar eclipses?
SEEING LIGHT - THE EYE
• Cornea - does most of the focusing
• Iris - has the eye color and controls light intensity
• Pupil - the hole in the eye (red eye demo)
• Lens - does remainder of focusing
• Retina - location of light sensors, has rods and cones
• Fovea - center of vision, predominantly cones
• Blind spot - optic nerve exit, no light sensors
Color Deficiency
Myopia (Near-Sightedness)

People with near-sightedness cannot


see clearly at distance.
Hyperopia (Farsightedness)

People with far-sightedness cannot see


clearly up close.
Chapter 26 Review Questions
You will observe a total eclipse
of the sun when...

(a) you stand in the penumbra of the moon’s shadow


(b) you stand in the umbra of the moon’s shadow
(c) sunlight diffracts around the moon
(d) sunlight reflects from the moon to the earth
The speed of light...

(a) has never been measured


(b) is about the same as that of sound
(c) is infinitely fast
(d) is very fast, but not infinite
In the dark at late evening, no
color is seen because of lack of
stimulation of

a. rods.
b. cones.
c. cornea.
d. crystalline lens.
End of Chapter 26

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