CLASSIFICATION OF HUKUM TAKLIFI

CLASSIFICATION OF ISLAMIC LAW

OBLIGATORY (WAJIB)

RECOMMENDED
(SUNAH)

HUKM PROHIBITED
TAKLIFI (HARAM)

UNDESIREABLE
(MAKRUH)
ISLAMIC LAW
PERMISSIBLE
(HUKM
SHAR’IE) (MUBAH)

SABAB, SYARAT,
MANI’

HUKM SIHHAH, FASAD,

WAD’IE BUTLAN

‘AZIMAH, RUKHSAH
CLASSIFICATION OF ISLAMIC LAW
FARD ‘AYN
OBLIGATORY
(WAJIB)
FARD KIFAYAH

SUNNAH
RECOMMENDED MU’AKKADAH
(SUNNAH)
HUKM SUNAH GHAYR
TAKLIFI PROHIBITED MU’AKKADAH
(HARAM)
UNDESIREABLE
ISLAMIC (MAKRUH)
LAW
(HUKM PERMISSIBLE
SHAR’IE) (MUBAH)
SABAB, SYARAT,
MANI’
HUKM SIHHAH, FASAD,
WAD’IE BUTLAN
‘AZIMAH,
RUKHSAH
 OBLIGATORY ACT (WAJIB)
• Literally: an act the performance of which is
obligatory for the subject.
• Technically: refers to absolute command which is
supported by decisive proof, disobedience to it
without any legal excuse is a sin and its denial
amount to disbelief.
• Example: performing the regular five prayers, zakah
(almsgiving)
• There are two kinds of wajib:
FARD ‘AYN
refer to individual obligation,
which need to be undertaken by
every individual and disobeying it
will result in committing a sin.
Example: worshipping Allah and
not associating Him with others,
performing the regular five
prayers, respecting and obeying
parents.
FARD KIFAYAH
refers to the collective
responsibilities in the sense that if
a group of people undertake to do
the obligation, the rest not be
held responsible for it but if no
one carries out this duty, the
whole community will bear the
sin for omitting it.
Example: burying the deceased
and undertaking the task to
manufacture, cultivate the basic
needs of society and defence
equipment for the country.
 RECOMMENDED ACT (SUNNAH)
• A demand by the Lawgiver for the commission
of an act without making it binding and
without assigning any blame/sin for its
omission.
.‫لعفال ىإل ءاعدال ةغل‬ •
. ‫مزاج ريغ ابلط فلكمال نم عراشال هبلط ام‬: ‫اعرش‬ •
. ‫هكرات بقاعي الو هلعاف حدمي‬:‫همكح‬ •
• There are two types of sunnah:
Sunnah Mu’akkadah
The act that Prophet (s.a.w)
performed regularly and is highly
recommended (mandub) for the
Muslim to emulate.
This action shall not be omitted
except with a legal excuse.
Omitting this action is not a sin
but disapproved/disliked.
Example: observance the
additional prayers (before and
after the five prescribed prayers –
rawatib).
Sunnah Ghayr
Mu’akkadah
The act that the Prophet (s.a.w)
often performed and sometime
omitted without excuse
(mustahab - praiseworthy)
Omission this sunnah is not a sin
but less dislike than the sunnah
mu’akkadah.
Example: giving charity to others.
 PERMISSIBLE ACT (MUBAH)

• Refers to an act whose both commissions and

omissions neither merits any reward nor
entails any punishment and no shariah
injunctions are attached to it.
• It is also called halal.
• Examples: Having food and drinking water,
sleeping, reading and so on.
 UNDESIRABLE ACT (MAKRUH)

• A demand by the Lawgiver for the omission of an act

without making it binding and without assigning any
blame/ punishment for its commission.
.‫ مازلإلا هجو ىلع هكرت عراشال هبلط ام‬، ‫هلعاف بقاعي الو‬ •

• Example:
Consumption of certain kind of food (give bad
odour)
- ‫–هيخأعيب ىلععيب –ليخالمحل لكأ –موثال لكأ‬
 PROHIBITED ACT (HARAM)

• This is an act that is prohibited by a decisive

evidence from the Quran or Sunnah. Committing this
act is punishable an its omission is rewarded.
• Examples: taking and paying of interest, adultery,
telling lies, backbiting, consumption of liquor and
others.
There are two types of haram:
HARAM LI ZATIHI
The act that is prohibited for itself
and there is no external factor
intervened and led to prohibition.
Examples: unlawful sexual
intercourse, theft, consumption of
liquor
The rule for this category is not
permissible and if the subject
commits such an act, there will be no
beneficial legal effects or the gains
desired.
HARAM LIGHAIRIHI
The act that is prohibited due to an
external factor was not prohibited
initially, and was legal itself, but an
external factor intervened and led to
prohibition.
Examples: fasting in ‘Aid, sale that
involve riba.
The rule for this type is the act is valid
itself, if it is possible to remove the
obstructing factor then the act may
be declared valid.