NEWCASTLE DISEASE (ND)

 Probably the most important poultry disease

 Widespread all around the world
 Can affect all bird species, wild and domestic
 Can kill 100% of a flock, at any age
 NEWCASTLE DISEASE
 Caused by Paramyxovirus serotype 1

 only serotype 1 viruses are NDV

and NDV ARE ONLY SEROTYPE 1

 pathogenicity varies according to :

 Virulence

 Tissue tropism
NDV STRAINS CLASSIFICATION : OIE MANUAL
(Chap. 2.1.15, p161, 1996)
1/ Velogenic viscerotropic : Highly pathogenic form (80 to
100% mortality) in which haemorrhagic intestinal lesions
are frequently seen.

2/ Velogenic neurotropic : High mortality (80% to 100%)

usually following respiratory and nervous signs

3/ Mesogenic: Low mortality, respiratory signs, occasional

nervous signs

4/ Lentogenic pneumotropic: Mild or subclinical respiratory

infection

5/ Apathogenic enteric : Subclinical enteric infection

courtesy of CVDLS
courtesy of CVDLS
courtesy of CVDLS
(source : C.W. Beard, Graybook, USDA ARS)
courtesy of CVDLS
courtesy of CVDLS
courtesy of CVDLS
courtesy of CVDLS
 NDV STRAINS : CHARACTERISATION
 4 reference tests :
 Intracerebral Pathogenicity Index (ICPI)
 day-old SPF chicks - clinical symptoms for 8 days

 Intravenous Pathogenicity Index (IVPI)

 6 week-old SPF chicks - clinical symptoms for 10 days

 Mean Death Time (M.D.T.)

 SPF embryos - time to death in hours

 Ability to form plaques in CEF cultures

 need or not to add trypsin
 IntraCerebral Pathogenicity Index

10 SPF day-old chicks

Intracerebral injection : 0.05 ml of
fresh infective allantoic fluid

Daily scoring for 8 days : Normal = 0

Sick = 1
Dead = 2
 IntraCerebral Pathogenicity Index
Bird n° day1 day2 day3 day4 day5 day6 day7 day8
1 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 1.125
2 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0.375
3 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0.5
4 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 1.375
5 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 0.875
6 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.75
7 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 1.125
8 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1.375
9 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.625
10 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1.5

ICPI = 1.162
IntraCerebral Pathogenicity Index
Bird n° day1 day2 day3 day4 day5 day6 day7 day8
1 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.75
2 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.625
3 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.625
4 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.875
5 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.625
6 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.75
7 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.875
8 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1.625
9 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.625
10 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.75

ICPI = 1.715
 IntraCerebral Pathogenicity Index
Bird n° day1 day2 day3 day4 day5 day6 day7 day8
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0.25
2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0.25
3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
4 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0.25
5 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0.25
6 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 1.25
7 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 1.25
8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.125
9 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0.5
10 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.25

ICPI = 0.4375
 PATHOTYPING OF N.D.V. STRAINS

IVPI MDT Plaque

Pathotype ICPI
(hours) formation

Velogenic 1.5 - 2.0 2.0 - 3.0 < 60 Yes

Mesogenic 1.0 - 1.5 0.0 - 0.5 60 - 90 Yes

Lentogenic 0.2 - 0.5 0.0 > 90 No

Asymptomatic 0.0 - 0.2 0.0 > 90 No

When ICPI > 0.7 then (After Heffels-Redmann U. 1992)

it is N.D.V.