PUMPS

Reported by:
Castro, Edgar S.
Centeno IV, Manuel N.
Cruz, John Patrick D.
Gumilan, Reynald T.
Llorera, Jeshua B.
Dominguez, Thea Marielle
Pagkaliwangan, Alma Mae C.
 PUMPS

Content:
Introduction
Types of Pumps
How to read Specification and Measurement
Pump System
Pump System Components and Parts
Pump Operating Points
Energy Efficiency Options
 PUMPS

Introduction
 PUMPS
 Safety margins were added to the original
calculations. Several people are involved in the
fan/pump buying decision and each of them is afraid
of recommending a fan/pump that proves to be too
small for the job.
 Itwas anticipated that a larger fan/pump would be
needed in the future, so it was purchased now to save
buying the larger fan/pump later on.
 Itwas the only fan/pump the dealer had in stock and
you needed one badly. He might have offered you a
"special deal" to take the larger size.
 PUMPS

• You took the fan/pump out of your spare parts

inventory. Capital equipment money is scarce so the
larger fan/pump appeared to be your only choice.
• You purchased the same size fan/pump as the one
that came out of the application and that one was
over sized also.

…Oversized Pumps & Fans?

 PUMPS
Just think…

• 19% of industrial motor electricity use is for pumps

• To lift 1 cubic meter (1,000 liters) of water to a
height of 1 meter in 1 second requires 9.81 kW of
energy
 PUMPS
Energy Balance for a Typical Pumping System
100%
ELECTRICITY

MOTOR 12% LOSS

COUPLING 2% LOSS

PUMPS
24% LOSS

VALVES
9% LOSS

PIPES
11% LOSS

WORK DONE ON WATER

42%
 PUMPS

Types of Pumps
 Total Horse
Key Recommende Flow
Pump Basic Applications Advantag Head Power
Feature d Media Rate
Type Description Used es (Pressure Range
s (Fluid) Ranges
) Ranges s

One or All sorts of

more liquids can
impeller be pumps Water and Best pump
s. with relatively thin choice for
General name
Casing centrifugal liquids (won't lower
for pumps with
is volute pumps. pump thicker viscosity
one or more
or Highest flow oils). Can (thin) 5-
impellers.
diffuser rates of all pump liquids liquids and 200,000 10 - 7,500
Many types and
type. pump types. with or high flow gpm ft 0.125 -
Centrifugal configurations
Normall Handles without solids rates. No -------- -------- 5,000
Pumps for different
y clean or dirty if proper pulsations 19 - 3 - 2,286 hp
applications.
electric liquids, and impeller type that may 757,080 m
See below for
motor liquids with is chosen. be found in lpm
specific
driven, low Available in some
centrifugal
but other viscosity. alloys for positive
pump types.
drive Liquid corrosive displaceme
types should not services. nt pumps.
available contain air or
. vapors.
PUMPS
 Dimensional
ANSI Process
standardization
pumps are the Considered
allows the
only an end
complete
dimensionally suction
piping,
standard pump pump,
Water and foundation,
type in the U.S. frame Transfer
relatively and building
pump industry mounted. and process
thin liquids design to be
(e.g., Normally applications
(won't pump completed
comparable supplied in chemical
thicker oils). before the
sizes of all with open plants, pulp 10 -
Can pump pump supplier
manufacturers impellers. and paper 5,000
liquids with is chosen. 50 -
have identical Dimensiona mills, gpm
ANSI or without Also, this 750 ft
envelope and lly standard refineries, ------- 1-
Process solids if permits the --------
interface sizes food - 250 hp
Pumps proper pump brand to 22 -
dimensions.) supplied by processing 38 -
impeller be switched in 325 psi
ANSI process all plants, and 18,92
type is the field
pumps are, by manufacture general 7 lpm
chosen. without having
definition, a rs. Available services in
Available in to re-pipe or
horizontal, end in a wide manufacturi
alloys for modify the
suction, single variety of ng plants of
corrosive motor,
stage alloys and all types.
services. coupling, or
pump. The non-metals
bedplate. This
pump meets for many
pump type has
ANSI B73.1 corrosive
more material
(ASME services.
options than
B73.1).
other types.
PUMPS
 The API
pump type
applies to
Meets API
pumps built
610 standard
to the API
for
610 Hydrocarb
hydrocarbon Meets API
standard for on transfer
services. 610 10 -
pumps for and
Includes requirements, 10,00 50 -
refineries, processing
closed Crude oil assuring 0 7,500
pipelines, services in
API impellers, and all safety and gpm ft 1-
and other refineries,
Process with locked types of reliability for ------- -------- 5,000
hydrocarbon pipelines,
Pumps wearing hydrocarbo high pressure, - 22 - hp
processing and
rings. ns. high 38 - 3251
applications. hydrocarbo
Normally temperature 37,85 psi
It includes n
centerline hydrocarbon 4 lpm
end processing
mounted to services.
suction, hor plants.
minimize
izontal split
thermal
case,
movement.
vertical
turbine, and
other types.
 This
pump type
Water is the best
and type to
5,00
Flood relativel achieve
0-
dewatering y thin very high
Single 200,
, power liquids. flow rate 10 -
Axial Flow pumps stage, high 000
plant Can with very 30 ft
are a very high specific gpm
Axial circulating pump low head, ------ 10 -
flow, low head speed ------
Flow water liquids a -- 1,50
Pumps type of pump. impeller --
pump, with or hydraulic 4 - 0 hp
Also called a for high 18,9
evaporator without requireme 13
propeller pump. flow low 27 -
services, solids if nt needed psi
head. 757,
and proper for certain
08
irrigation. impelle applicatio
lpm
r type is ns such as
chosen. flood
dewaterin
g.
PUMPS
 Allows
the
Water and
Booster building
relatively
pumps are up of
thin liquids
almost Potable addition
(won't
Booster pumps are always a water al 5-
pump
used to further multi-stage distributio pressure 10,0 200 -
thicker
boost the pressure pump (has n, that is 00 7,50
oils).
in a system. It may more than irrigation required gpm 0 ft
Normally 1-
Booster be an end suction, one booster, to move ------ ------
not used 5,00
Pumps in-line circulator, impeller). cooling liquid a -- --
for liquids 0 hp
horizontal split All other water long 19 - 87 -
containing
case, or vertical features booster, distance 37,8 3,25
solids.
turbine in a can are quite process or to use 54 1 psi
Available
type of pump. specific to booster the high lpm
in alloys
the service pressure
for
application for
corrosive
. spraying
services.
or other
services.
PUMPS
 Pump and
Pumping
motor are
chemicals,
close
hydrocarbon
coupled, so
s, or other
no
liquids that
mechanical
are difficult
seal. Pump
to seal, or Eliminates
rotor
where the the
Canned Motor includes a
consequence mechanical
pumps are sealless circulating 5-
s of leakage seal, one of 25 -
centrifugal pumps. path of All types 1,500
are the largest 400 ft
The impeller is pumped of thin gpm
Canned serious. Pu components ------- 0.5 -
directly attached to liquid to (non- -------
Motor mping heat of pump - 300
the motor rotor, lubricate viscous -
Pumps transfer maintenanc 11 - hp
with a can sleeve liquids). 19 -
fluids which e cost. Plus, 173
separating the bearings and 5,678
are high the pump is psi
wetted rotor from thrust lpm
temperature assured to
the motor stator. surfaces.
or which are be leak-
These wear
prone to free.
areas are
costly
made of
evaporative
ceramic,
losses with
silicon
traditional
carbide, or
mechanical
tungsten
seals.
carbide.
PUMPS
 Pump Chopper
impeller pumps are
Liquids
contains used in Able to
Chopper Pumps are a containin
heavy duty applications pump 50 -
type of centrifugal g solids
grinding that plug liquids 10,00
pump that is and 15 -
teeth, and conventional containing 0
designed to chop up stringy 200 ft
many have solids long stringy gpm 1-
Chopper solids and stringy material -------
replaceable handling materials or ------- 500
Pumps material as it pumps. that -
wear plates wastewater other solids - hp
It is available in a would 7 - 87
in the pumps in that would 189 -
vertical column and otherwis psi
casing, to industrial, plug up in 37,85
end suction e be
allow chemical, other pump 4 lpm
configuration. difficult
chopping of and fool types.
to pump.
solids as the processing
pump facilities.
operates.
PUMPS
 In-line
suction and
Circulator
discharge
pumps are
piping
used in
Circulato connection
HVAC
r pumps s. Pump 5-
systems in 20 -
is may be Water 750
buildings 180
generally equipped and In-line gpm
(chilled water ft
a pump with a relativ design ------ 1-
circulation, ------
Circulator Pumps with in- traditional ely saves on -- 50
hot water --
line motor and thin floor 19 - hp
circulation, 9-
suction coupling, liquids space. 2,83
potable water 78
and or may . 9
circulation). psi
discharge have a lpm
Also
flanges. wetted
circulation of
rotor motor
cooling water
that
in plants.
eliminates
the seal.
PUMPS
 Low
5-
temperature
Special Able to 1,00 25 -
applications
materials, tolerate the 0 1,000
Cryogenic in process
seals, and Ideal for low gpm ft
pumps are used industries, 0.5 -
Cryogenic clearances very low temperatur ------ -------
to handle very LNG 500
Pumps to tolerate temperatur es found in -- -
low temperature supply, and hp
very low e liquids. certain 19 - 11 -
liquids. semiconduc
temperature application 3,78 434
tor
s. s. 5 psi
manufacturi
lpm
ng.
PUMPS
 Drum pumps are Small
used to pump diameter
small quantities of tube Very
Wide
liquid out of surroundin practical
Pumping variety
drums and g the shaft way to 0.5 -
small of thin 20 -
carboys. Pump is fits into pump 70
quantities and 75 ft-
very slim to fit in the small gpm
of liquids thick ------ 0.25
Drum drum opening. opening of amounts ------
out of 55 liquids, - -1
Pumps Normally supplied a 55 gallon of various --
gallon includin 9 - hp
as centrifugal drum. fluids that 2-
drums and g 33
pump, but positive Normally are stored 265
larger corrosiv psi
displacement has a in drums lpm
carboys. e
pump types are hand- or
liquids.
available for trigger carboys.
thicker liquids and controlled
pastes. motor.
PUMPS
 Water
and
relativel
y thin
Horizontal
liquids
shaft, single
(won't
impeller Any transfer
pump
(see multi- or
thicker
stage circulation
End suction pumps oils). Lowest first
category for of liquid. 5-
are the common type Can cost option 10 -
pumps with Handles 7,000
of centrifugal pump. pump for most 750 ft
more clean or gpm 0.12
End Has horizontal shaft liquids applications -------
impellers). dirty liquids, ------- 5-
Suction with overhung with or . Stocked -
Various and liquids - 250
Pumps impeller. Flow goes without by most 4-
impeller with low 19 - hp
in the end of the solids if distributors 325
types for viscosity. 26,49
casing, and out the proper in common psi
clean and Liquid 8 lpm
top. impeller sizes.
dirty should not
type is
services, contain air
chosen.
many or vapors.
Availabl
material
e in
options
alloys
for
corrosive
services.
PUMPS
 Centrifugal pump
Meets
used for fire
requireme
fighting in
nts of
buildings, plants,
UL/FM 20 -
and other
Listed Fire for fire 5,00 100 -
locations. May
pumps fighting fighting 0 1,20
meet UL/NFPA
meet the services of pumps. gpm 0 ft
standards for fire 10 -
Fire requireme all types, Suppliers ------ ------
pumps. Normally Water 800
Pumps nts of both often -- --
this is a horizontal hp
UL/FM for UL/FM include 76 - 43 -
split case or
firefightin listed and complete 18,9 520
vertical turbine
g services. unlisted. system, 27 psi
pump for UL/FM
including lpm
services. Non
engine
listed pumps may
and
be end suction
controls.
type.
PUMPS
 This type of
sewage
pump
allows
smaller
diameter
sewage
Grinder pumps are a
lines than
type of submersible
typical
sewage pump that
Grinding gravity 5 - 50
has cutting teeth 50 -
teeth on drain gpm
incorporated onto the Residentia 150 ft
the inlet of Sewage and sewers. -------
Grinder impeller, to grind the l pressure ------- 0.5 -
the other Also, the -
Pumps sewage for pressure sewer - 5 hp
impeller, wastewater. sewer lines 19 -
sewer applications. systems. 22 -
submersibl can follow 189
Also available in 65 psi
e motor. the contour lpm
progressing cavity
of the land
pump positive
since they
displacement type.
don’t have
to
continuousl
y drain to
the
collection
point.
PUMPS
 Water
Double Usually
and
suction higher flow
relativel This pump
impeller rate
y thin type
Horizontal Split gives better applications
liquids permits
Case pumps are a NPSH and than end
(won't much
types of centrifugal lower axial suction 100 -
pump higher flow
pump type has a thrust. pumps. Used 100,0 50 -
thicker rates than
single double suction Casing is for cooling 00 1,500
oils). end suction
impeller supported normally water, plant gpm ft
Horizontal Normall pumps. The 3-
between bearings. double make-up ------- -------
Split Case y not double 5,00
Casing is split volute, to water, - -
Pumps used for suction 0 hp
horizontally for reduce potable 379 - 22 -
liquids impeller
maintenance. radial water 378,5 650
containin has no axial
Suction and bearing distribution, 40 psi
g solids. thrust
discharge flanges are loads. Pum fire pumps, lpm
Availabl loads, and
opposed to each p has two pipelines,
e in is less
other. seals, both and other
alloys likely to
sealing main
for cavitate.
suction process
corrosive
pressure. flows.
services.
PUMPS
 PUMPS

How to read Specification and

Measurement
 PUMPS

Measurements:

Flow Rate is the volume of the liquid that passes

through a given surface per unit of
time. It is the product of the area and
velocity of the liquid.

Q = gallon per minute or litre per second

PUMPS
PUMPS
PUMPS
 PUMPS
Specification
 PUMPS

1. Type designation
2. Model, material number and
Production code.
3. Gallons per minute at rate RPM
4. Head in feet at nameplate flow
5. Pump horsepower
6. Rated RPM
7. Maximum PSI
8. Maximum fluid temperature
No. of reduced diameter impellers (CR(N) 32,
45, 64, & 90 only) No. of impellers (used only if pump has
fewer impellers than chambers)

No. of stages CR(I,N) 1S, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 & 20 Nominal flow rate in m /hr
No. of stages x 10 CR(N,X) 2, 4, 8, &16 No. of (multiply by 5 to get GPM)
stages CR(N) 32, 45, 64, & 90
Code for Type of Pump or Physical Changes
• Type of Pump
A = IEC pump
E = Ejector pump
F = Cool Top™ high temperature model
H = Horizontal pump with electric motor and end-
suction base
HS = High speed/pressure reverse chamber stack/
direction of rotation
K = Low NPSH pump
M = Magnetic Drive Coupling
R = Horizontal construction with bearing bracket
S = Pump without staybolts
• Physical Changes
B = Oversized motor
C = Changed point of connection
D = Intensifier tank for double seal
I = Changed pressure class
J = CRE pump (pumps with high max speed
rotation) N = CRE pump with transducer
P = Undersized motor (1 flange size smaller)
T = Oversized motor (2 flange sizes larger)
X = Special product

SF = High pressure pump without staybolts reverse

stack rotation
U = NEMA pump

Centrifugal pump
PUMPS

Code for Pipe Connection

A = Oval flange
B = NPT thread
C = Clamp connection
CA = FlexiClamp
F = DIN flange
FGJ = DIN, ANSI and JIS flanges
combined into one base
G = ANSI flange
J = JIS flange
M = Changed flange connection
N = Changed connection diameter
O = External thread
P = Victaulic coupling (PJE)
W = Internal thread
PUMPS
Code for Materials
A = Standard materials
D = Graflon bearing
G = Stainless steel parts in 316 SS or similar
material
GI = Baseplate and flanges are 316LN SS
I = Nonstainless parts converted to SS
J = Shaft or sleeve made of 316 SS
K = Intermediate bearings are bronze
R = Shaft or sleeve made of 904L SS
S = Silicon Carbide intermediate
bearing/Teflon® seal
T = Titanium
X = Special product
Z = Pumps of bronze, components of cast
bronze
 PUMPS
Code for Rubber Parts in Pump
(Excludes CR[N,X] 2, 4, 8, 16)
E = EPDM
F = FXM (Flouraz)
K = FFXM (Kalrez)
P = NBR (Nitrile)
T = PTFE wound around FKM
V = FKM
Type of Shaft Seal
A = O-ring seal with fixed seal driver
B = Rubber bellows seal
C = O-ring seal with a spring working as a driver
D = Balanced seal
E = Cartridge with O-ring (Type A)
F = Cartridge with rubber bellows
G = Bellows seal with reduced diameter
stationary ring
H = Balanced seal, cartridge (Type D)
K = Metal bellows seal (Type M) Cartridge O =
Double shaft seal (back to back)
P = Double shaft seal (Tandem)
Q = Quench seal (with flushing)
R = O-ring seal with reduced diameter stationary
ring
S = Shaft seal
X = Miscellaneous

Material of Rotating Ring
A = Carbon, metal impregnated
B = Carbon, plastic impregnated
C = Other types of carbon
Q = Silicon carbide
S = Chromium steel
U = Tungsten carbide
V = Aluminum oxide
X = Other types of ceramics
Material of Stationary Ring
A = Carbon, metal impregnated
B = Carbon, plastic impregnated
C = Other types of carbon
H = Carbon with imbedded Tungsten Carbide
(Hybrid) Q = Silicon carbide
S = Chromium steel
U = Tungsten carbide
V = Aluminum oxide
X = Other types of ceramics
Material of Secondary Seal and other Parts made
of Plastic/Rubber
E = EPDM
K = FFXM (Kalrez)
M = PTFE wound around FKM
P = NBR (Nitrile)
S = Q (Silicone rubber)
T = PTFE (Teflon®)
V = FKM
X = Special product
 PUMPS
Production Company

Production week number

Product Number (01-51)

U.S. serial number

Last two digits of year of production

Designated model (e.g. A, B, C, D)

 PUMPS
Head (in feet) at nameplate
Gallons per minute at rated RPM flow

Pump horsepower
RPM

Maximum fluid temperature

Maximum Pressure
 PUMPS

Pump System
 PUMPS

What are Pumping Systems

Objective of pumping system
Pumps have two main purposes:

•Transfer of liquid from one place to another place

(e.g. water from an underground aquifer into a
water storage tank).

•Circulate liquid around a system (e.g. cooling

water or lubricants through machines and
equipment).
 PUMPS
Parts of the Pump System
Outside of the pump itself are a number of additional components which are
part of a complete pumping system.

Controllers – Used in conjunction with probes and sensors to provide

operational information as well as automatic or manual control of different
pumping functions.

Fittings and adapters – Parts which connect different system components

(pumps, motors, pipe, hose, etc.) to one-another.

Mounting devices – Used to allow pumps to be mounted in different ways,

such as on walls, on the ground, or on/near associated stationary equipment.
 PUMPS
Pump motors adapter– mounting devices used to connect
dissimilar motor and pump bolt configurations.

Probes and sensors – Used to measure liquid levels, pressure,

temperature, and other important system factors during system
operation. Data from probes and sensors are sent to controllers or
computers for system analysis or response.

Valves – Used to control flow within different parts of the system,

including the pump inlet and outlet.
 PUMPS

Pump System Components

and Parts
 PUMPS

Pumps
Are used throughout society
for a variety of purposes.
Prime
 PUMPS

Piping
Is used to transport fluids.
 PUMPS

Prime Movers
The prime movers for
pumps are the devices used
to drive them - whether they
are rotating machines or
otherwise
 PUMPS

Valves
A relief or safety valve on
the discharge side of the
positive displacement pump
is therefore necessary. The
relief valve can be internal
or external
 PUMPS
End use Equipment
Heat Exchangers- provide
efficient heat transfer with a
small carbon footprint.

Tanks- is a small tank used to

protect closed (not open to
atmospheric pressure) water
heating systems and domestic
hot water systems from
excessive pressure.

Hydraulic Equipment- are

capable of pushing large
amounts of oil through hydraulic
cylinders or hydraulic motors.
 PUMPS

Impellers
Is a rotating component of
a centrifugal pump which
transfers energy from the
motor that drives the pump
to the fluid being pumped by
accelerating the fluid
outwards from the center of
rotation.
 PUMPS

Mechanical Seal
Is simply a method
of containing fluid
within a vessel (typically
pumps, mixers, etc.)
where a rotating shaft
passes through a
stationary housing or
occasionally, where the
housing rotates around
the shaft.
 PUMPS

Motors
Is a mechanical
actuator that converts
hydraulic pressure and
flow into torque and
angular displacement
 PUMPS

Oiler
Is a simple device,
consisting of a large
metal ring placed around
a horizontal shaft,
adjacent to a bearing
 PUMPS

Gaskets
Is a simple device,
consisting of a large
metal ring placed around
a horizontal shaft,
adjacent to a bearing
 PUMPS

Flange Kit
A flange can also be a
plate or ring to form a rim at
the end of a pipe when
fastened to the pipe
 PUMPS

Couplers/ Coupler
Inserts
An improvised flexible
coupling made of car tire
pieces connects the drive
shafts of an engine and a
water pump.
 PUMPS

Shaft & Bearing

Is a rubber-lined
composite or brass bearing
through which the propeller
shaft turns,
 PUMPS

Seal Bearings
Are specifically designed
for water pump applications.

The water pump is the

heart of the automotive
cooling system, typically a
belt-driven centrifugal
pump.
 PUMPS

Pump Operating Points

 PUMPS
Operating Point

• Determined from the measured flow and the

calculated head
• Ideally, the operating point is the intersection of the
system curve and the pump curve at near BEP
• Significant deviations of the actual OP from the
required OP indicate pump performance problems
 PUMPS
System and Pump Curves
 PUMPS

Pump Characteristic Curve

• Pump Characteristic Curves. The performance of a
centrifugal pump can be shown graphically on
a characteristic curve. A typical characteristic
curve shows the total dynamic head, brake
horsepower, efficiency, and net positive Suction head
all plotted over the capacity range of the pump.
Typical Pump Performance Curve
 PUMPS
Pump Performance Curve Parts
• Title Box – Contains information about pump model,
size, speed and other identifying criteria specific to the
pump.
 PUMPS
Pump Performance Curve Parts
• Flow rate – is in the X –axis of the pump curve.
 PUMPS
Pump Performance Curve Parts
• Head – is expressed as the maximum height that the
pump can deliver.
 PUMPS

Pump Performance Curve Parts

• Impeller trim - is the finished outside diameter of

the impeller. The majority of centrifugal pumps are
available with a range of impeller trim sizes. The
maximum trim is the largest diameter impeller that
can be installed inside a specific pump.
 PUMPS
Impeller Trim Diameter
 PUMPS
Horse Power – the power necessary to raise a given volume of
liquid from a lower to higher elevation.
 PUMPS
Net Positive Suction Head - The minimum pressure required at
the suction port of the pump to keep the pump from cavitating.
 PUMPS
Efficiency- is defined as the ratio of water horsepower output from
the pump to the shaft horsepower input for the pump
 PUMPS
Minimum Flow - Minimum flow bypass, or recirculation is
needed to keep the pump cool and lubricated while operating.
 PUMPS
Other Pump Characteristic Curve
 PUMPS
Series Pump operation
 PUMPS
Series Pump operation
 PUMPS
Parallel Operation
 PUMPS
Parallel Operation
 PUMPS
Pump Formula
Volume Flow rate
Q= 𝐴 𝑥 𝑉
Where: Q = Volume flow rate
v = Velocity flow
A = Area of flow

Pressure Head
𝑃
H=
γ
Where: H = Pressure head
P = Pressure
γ = Specific weigth
 PUMPS
Pump Formula
 PUMPS
Pump Formula
 PUMPS
Pump Formula
Pump Efficiency
Pw
Ep = Pb

Motor Efficiency
Pb
Em=
Pi
Overall Efficiency
Pw
Eo =
Pi
Where: Pi = input power
Pb = break power
Pw = water power
 PUMPS
Pump Formula
 PUMPS
Pump Formula
Volumetric efficiency
Q
Ev =
VD

Specific Speed (Ns)

.
05
N(𝑄 )
Ns =
H0.75
Similar Pumps
𝑁1 𝑄1 𝑁2 𝑄2 𝑄1 𝑄2
a. . = . b. =
𝐻10 75
𝐻20 75 𝑁1𝐷13 𝑁2𝐷23
Where: D = impeller diameter
 PUMPS
Pump Affinity Laws
Flow: Head:
Q1 / Q2 = N1 / N2 H1/H2 = (N12) / (N22)

Example: Example:
100 / Q2 = 1750/3500 100 /H2 = 1750 2/ 3500 2
Q2 = 200 m3/hr H2 = 400 m
Kilowatts (kW):
kW1 / kW2 = (N13) / (N23)

Example:
5/kW2 = 17503 / 35003
kW2 = 40
 PUMPS
Variation in Impeller Speed

Flow:
Q1 / Q2 = (D1 / D2)3

Head:
H1/H2 = (ND12) / (D22)

Kilowatts (kW):
kW1 / kW2 = (D15) / (D25)
 PUMPS

Energy Efficiency Options

 PUMPS
Detailed energy assessment

Pump systems consist of pumps, driver, pipe

installation and controls (such as ASDs or throttles) and are
a part of the overall motor system. Below some of the
energy efficiency opportunities for the pumping system are
presented.

Also, American Society of Mechanical Engineers

(ASME) has published a standard that covers the
assessment of pumping systems, which are defined as one
or more pumps and those interacting or interrelating
elements that together accomplish the desired work of
moving a fluid.
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In this standard the procedure of conducting a 14
detailed energy assessment of the pumping system
as well as the energy efficiency opportunities are
described.
1. Maintenance
2. Monitoring
3. Controls
4. Reduction of demand
5. More efficient pumps
6. Proper pump sizing
7. Multiple pumps for varying loads
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• 8. Impeller trimming (or shaving sheaves)

• 9. Adjustable speed drives (ASDs)
• 10.Avoiding throttling valves
• 11.Proper pipe sizing
• 12.Replacement of belt drives
• 13.Precision castings, surface coatings or polishing
• 14.Iprovement of sealing
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1. Maintenance

Typical energy savings for operations and

maintenance are estimated to be between 2% and 7% of
pumping electricity use for the U.S. industry. The payback
usually is less than one year.
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2. Monitoring

One of the best indicators to follow for

monitoring is specific energy or power consumption as
a function of the flow rate.
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3. Controls
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4. Reduction of demands

Energy savings may be as high as 5-10% for each

of these steps.
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5. More efficient pumps

A number of pumps are available for specific

pressure head and flow rate capacity requirements.
Choosing the right pump often saves both in operating
costs and in capital costs (of purchasing another pump).
For a given duty, a pump that runs at the highest speed
suitable for the application will generally be the most
efficient option with the lowest initial cost.
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6. Proper pump sizing

Only if the larger motor operates at a low efficiency,

replacement may result in energy savings. Pump loads may
be reduced with alternative pump configurations and
improved operations and management practices.
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7. Multiple pumps varying loads

8. Impeller trimming
A smaller or trimmed impeller can thus be
used efficiently in applications in which the current
impeller is producing excessive heat. In the food
processing, paper and petrochemical industries,
trimming impellers or lowering gear ratios is
estimated to save as much as 75% of the electricity
consumption for specific pump applications.`
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9. Adjustable speed drives (ASDs)

In addition, the
installation of ASDs improves
overall productivity, control
and product quality, and
reduces wear on equipment,
thereby reducing future
maintenance costs.
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10. Avoiding throttling valves
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11. Proper pipe sizing

Correct sizing of pipes should be done at the

system design stages where costs may not be restrictive.
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12. Replacement of belt drives

It is even better to replace the pump by a direct

driven system, resulting in increased savings of up to
8% of pumping systems energy use with payback
periods as short as 6 months.
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13. Precision casting, surface coatings or polishing

14. Improvement of sealing