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Contents
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Information Available from Various Types of FEM Analysis
• Dynamic analysis
• Fluid analysis
» Frequencies
» Deflection (mode » Pressures
shape) » Gas temperatures
» Stresses » Convection coefficients
» Strains » Velocities
» Forces
» Energies
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Example FEM Application Areas
• The next few slides present some examples of the FEM applied
to a variety of real-world design and analysis problems.
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• This example shows an intravenous pump modeled
using hexahedral elements.
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Car tires require sophisticated analysis because of their complex geometry, large
deformations, nonlinear material behavior, and varying contact conditions. Brick
elements are used to represent the tread and steel bead, while shell elements are
used in the wall area. Membrane elements are used to represent the tire cords.
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This guitar features two strips of
graphite running the length of the
neck. This FEM model was used to
study how much the neck moved
when string forces were applied and
moisture content
changed.
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Dynamic analysis of a tuning fork, to find it's first eight modes of vibration.
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Contents
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Commercially Available FEM Software Suites
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Commercially Available FEM Software Suites (cont.)
(partial list)
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Contents
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Technologies That Compete With the FEM
• Other numerical solution methods:
– Finite differences
» Approximates the derivatives in the differential equation using
difference equations.
» Useful for solving heat transfer and fluid mechanics problems.
» Works well for two-dimensional regions with boundaries parallel
to the coordinate axes.
» Cumbersome when regions have curved boundaries.
– Weighted residual methods (not confined to a small subdomain):
» Collocation
» Subdomain
» Least squares*
» Galerkin’s method*
– Variational Methods* (not confined to a small subdomain)
• Prototype Testing
» Reliable. Well-understood.
» Trusted by regulatory agencies (FAA, DOT, etc.)
» Results are essential for calibration of simulation software.
» Results are essential to verify modeled results from simulation.
» Non destructive testing (NDT) is lowering costs of testing in
general.
» Expensive, compared to simulation.
» Time consuming.
» Development programs that rely too much on testing are
increasingly less competitive in today’s market.
» Faster product development schedules are pressuring the quality of
development test efforts.
» Data integrity is more difficult to maintain, compared to
simulation.
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Contents
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Future Trends in the FEM and Simulation
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Future Trends in the FEM and Simulation (cont.)
• Enhanced multiphysics capabilities are coming:
– Coupling between numerous physical phenomena.
» Ex: Fluid-structural interaction is the most common example.
» Ex: Semiconductor circuits, EMI and thermal buildup vary with current
densities.
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Selected FEM Resources on the Internet
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Selected FEM Resources on the Internet (cont.)
• http://www.ansys.net
•http://www.engineeringzones.com - A website created to educate people in the latest
engineering technologies, manufacturing techniques and software tools. Exellent FEM
links, including links to all commercial providers of FEM software.
• http://www.engr.usask.ca/%7Emacphed/finite/fe_resources/fe_resources.html -
Lists many public domain and shareware programs.
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Contents
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References
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