ADIGRAT UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
STREAM OF ELECTRICAL POWER
INTERNSHIP REPORT
DURATION OF INTERNSHIP OCT 15 – JAN 25/2010E.C
History of EEP
,
Electric power was introduced to Ethiopia in the late 19th century, during the regime
of Minilik.
The first generator was given to Atse Minilik around the 1898 to give light to the
palace. In addition to the use of generator, Atse Minilik constructed the first Hydro
Power Plant on Akaki River in the year 1912 generation 6MW in order to supply
power to small factories that had been established in Addis Ababa. Consequently,
Vision, Mission, and purposes of EEP
Vision
To be a first class providing quality universal electrification of the country and
regionally
Connected as a competitive export industry.
Mission
To provide adequate and quality electricity generation, transmission through
continuous improvement of management practice responsive to the socio-economic
development and environmental protection need of the public.
The purposes of EEP

• To contract out such works to contractors as required;

• To handle electricity generation and transmission operational and maintenance
activities.
• To lease electricity transmission lines as required;
• To sell bulk electric power;
• To undertake universal electric access works;
 Main Products and Services of EEP

EEP produces electric power from hydropower, diesel, geothermal, wind, solar,
natural gas, biomass and coal plants that provides the service
of selling the electric power to its customers mainly the Ethiopian people
for house hold uses, factories, and the nearby countries like Kenya, Sudan, and jibouti.
 Interconnection

 Ethiopia is focusing on the development of the huge hydro

• potential it possesses in the Eastern African Region.
 To get the required economy of scale to develop the big hydropower sites in
Ethiopia, it is compulsory to seek foreign demands for export purposes, especially,
neighboring countries of Sudan, Egypt, Djibouti, Yemen, Kenya, Eritrea, and
Somalia. There are current and potential interconnections.
 Ethiopia-Sudan (Current Interconnections) Currently, Ethiopia is supplying
100MW
 Ethiopia-Djibouti (Current Interconnections) Currently, Ethiopia is supplying
60MW
 Work Flow in EEP
• EEP is responsible for generating, transmitting, distributing and selling of electric
energy throughout the country.
• To fulfill this company, use a wide and interconnected work flow therefore by using
different mechanism power will be generated and this will be transmitted and will
be distributed for customers.
• Generation Stations and Current Energy Situation
• Supply The Ethiopian electric power corporation (EEP) is a sole electricity power
supplier in the country. The corporation has two electric energy supply system.
These are the interconnected system (ICS) and the self-contained system (SCS ).
 Objectives of the Internship
• An internship program has its own general and specific objectives. Both objectives
are very essential to get enough educated and skilled man power in all aspects of
Engineering.
• General Objective Adigrat university Institute of Technology targeted this
internship program can enable Engineering students at their faculty to relate their
theoretical knowledge gained from their department to practical knowledge, and
develop their profession skills.
• Specific Objectives
• Improving their theoretical, practical, professional, industrial problem solving
capability,
• Developing interpersonal communication skills, team playing and leadership.
• Also, knowing, understanding, practicing work ethics.
• Objectives of internship.
Work Section that I have been working
Dangila substation receives power from one incoming line. This incoming line is
Gordema substation (main supply from beles), so receives 66KV. The incoming
66KV stepped down into 66/33kv, 66/15kv (feeders).
Transmission Line Design Considerations
An overhead transmission lines consists of conductors, insulators, support
structures, and in most cases, shield wires.
Conductors
Aluminum is the most common conductor metal for overhead transmission than
copper, due to its lower cost and lighter in weight properties, and its abundant
whereas copper is limited. Most common Al conductors are
 All-Aluminum Conductor, AAC.
All-Aluminum Alloy Conductor, AAAC.
 Aluminum Conductor Alloy Reinforced, ACAR.
 Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced, ACSR.
Most Commonly used Types of Insulators are;
• Pin type
• Suspension type etc.
Pin Type Insulators
Pin type insulators are used for transmission and distribution of electric power at
voltages up to 33 KV. Beyond operating voltage of 33 KV, the pin type insulators
become too bulky and hence uneconomical
 Suspension Type Insulators

For high voltages (greater than 33 KV), it is mostly used suspension type insulators
shown in figure below, which consists of a number of porcelain discs connected in
series by metal links in the form of a string.
 Types of Substations
•Distribution Substations
Distribution substation is a combination of switching, controlling, and voltage step- down
equipment arranged to reduce transmission voltage to primary distribution voltage for
residential, farm, commercial, and industrial loads
•Switching Substations
•A switching substation is a combination of switching and controlling equipment arranged to
Provide circuit protection and system switching flexibility.
•Transmission Substations
A transmission substation is a combination of switching, controlling, and voltage step-down
Equipment arranged to reduce transmission voltage to sub transmission voltage for
distribution of electrical energy to distribution substations.
 Major Components of Transmission Subs
Lightning arrester
A lightning arrester, also known as lightning conductor, is a device used on
electrical power Systems and telecommunication systems to protect the insulation
and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning.

Radiator
The radiator of transformer accelerates the cooling rate of transformer.
Thus, it plays a vital role in increasing loading capacity of a transformer.
This is basic function of radiator of an electrical power transformer.
 Silica Gel
•Silica gel breather always comes as loose item.
The plastic plug sealing on the top of the breather
should be removed and fitted to the associated pipe work.

Buchholz relay
Buchholz which is part of transformer that connected across the pipe work
between conservator tank and main tank of the transformer. It is
considered as buchholz relay

Auxiliary Transformer
Auxiliary transformer is types of transformer which gives service only the
compound of the Substations.
Current transformer
A current transformer works on the same principle as that of a simple
transformer however it
Steps down the high current into a low level so that the range can be
measured. In some current transformers, extra cores are provided
Potential transformer (voltage transformer)
A potential transformer is used to reduce high-voltages to values that
Can be remotely monitored with ordinary voltmeters or to provide inputs to protective
relays.
It also electrically-isolates meters/relays from the high-voltage systems.
Power transformer
Power transformer is a device that is used to convert inbound electricity or voltage to a
higher or lower value in order to accommodate the current flow needed for specific
purposes.
In Dangila substation there three power transformers.
1. Power transformer one 15kv
2. power transformer two 15kv
3. Power transformer three 33kv
Tap changer
A tap changer is a device fitted to power transformers for regulation of the output
voltage to
required levels.
Isolator (Disconnector)
A switching device which can be opened or closed only under no current
condition it provides isolation of a circuit for maintenance .
The most important functions that disconnect switches must perform are: -
a. To open and close reliably when called upon to do so,
b. To carry current continuously without overheating
Depending upon the position in power system, the isolators can be categorized
as
1) Bus side isolator: - the isolator is directly connected with main bus
2) Line side isolator: - the isolator is situated at line side of any feeder
 Control and Protection Room
The Purpose of an electrical power system is to generate and supply electrical energy to
consumers.
Protection system: - All those devices and components needed to detect and
isolate a faulted system element including instrument transformers.

Protection Relay: - Thus an electronic or electro-mechanical device that decides if

there is a fault and then initiate’s action to clear that fault.

Protection Zone: -That portion of the power system of system elements

protected by a protection system as defined by the location of
the sensing devices, usually CTs.
Power System Zone: - -
A System element or group of elements protected by a particular
Protection system as defined by the location of the isolating device,
usually circuit breakers
 Benefits gained from the internship
Improving our practical skill
General design consideration.
Substation drawing reading.
Arrangement of equipment in the substation.
How to use working materials.
the habit of safe working.
We have improved our practical skills on:
How to select which major equipment are available for the given substation.
Improving our theoretical Knowledge
The internship program is also beneficial to improve our theoretical skill
Among these theoretical skills: -
Understand how the formulas do work and when to use them.
We understand how transformers do work.
Understand transformer loses like eddy current loose and core loose.
Realize transformer cooling mechanisms.
How the corona effects occur.
How to solve problems.
 Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion
Internship provides many benefits not only for interns, but also for hosting
companies. Since the interns could be parts of the employment, they could
be an additional man power.
Recommendations
The rapid socio-economic growth and development of
the Ethiopian economy needs sufficient supply of Electrical Energy.
Which means the EEP plays very great role on the development of the
country.
Recommendations for EEP
As I have clearly put the problems I observed on this internship period, we
strongly Recommend the EEP to:
•Upgrade substations based on their schedule.
•Upgrade substations based on feasibility studies.
•Rehabilitate aged substations, for instance. Dangila substation
•Maintain the safety of aged substations.
Recommendation for the Industrial Linkage
I would like to strongly recommend the industrial linkage :
Find the interns working industry around their home town.
Pay the intern students money on time.