EIGHT – SWITCH POWER CONDITIONER

FOR CURRENT HARMONIC

COMPENSATION AND VOLTAGE SAG
MITIGATION

Supervisor : Presented By :

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ABSTRACT
• The nine switch converter has been proposed recently and, since then, a large
number of applications have been investigated, especially as a substitute to the dual
–bridge (back -to-back) converter.
• The main advantage of the nine-switch converter is its lesser number of
switches(nine instead of twelve of the back-to-back converter),which has as a
tradeoff some restrictions in the total attainable amplitude at its output, dependent
on the phase shift between its two terminal sets.
• However, with an appropriately designed control scheme, the nine-switch converter
is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality, justifying its role as a power
conditioner at a reduced semiconductor cost.
CONT.,
• The proposed power conditioner has only eight switches, being composed by an

unit for voltage sag mitigation and another unit for current harmonic compensation.

• Simulation and experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed method.
 Introduction
 The IEEE defines POWER QUALITY as the ability of a system or an
equipment to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment
without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything
in that environment.

 Power Quality mainly deals with

1.Continuity of the supply.
2.”Quality” of the voltage.

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Why an 8-Switch Power Conditioner?
 There are frequent disturbances in a power system due to its dynamic nature
and it can lead the system to an unsteady condition.
 We can increase transmission system reliability and availability by
using 8-Switch Power Conditioner, also it increase dynamic and
transient grid stability of the system.

 With the increasing demand, the existing transmission network should be

used optimally rather than constructing new transmission lines.
 8-Switch Power Conditioner provide better utilization of existing
transmission system assets and environmental benefits.

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Scope &
Objectives
Design and simulation of an Eight – Switch Power Conditioner For Current
Harmonic Compensation And Voltage Sag Mitigation Model by using
MATLAB/Simulink.

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Literature Review
 Das, Abhishek, and A. K. Sharma. "Experimental Study of Power Quality in Transmission Line by
using of FACTS Device." International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology 2.6
(2015): 32-36.
 This paper presents the applications of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)
controllers and how the performance parameters of power systems are achieve by different
FACTS controllers.

 Bindeshwar Singh, Pavan Prakash Gupta, Rajiv Kumar and Ashok Kumar, “Electrical Power Quality
Problem: A key Issues, Challenges & Opportunities”, Journal of Automation & Systems Engineering”,
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2015
 This paper present power quality problems (voltage fluctuation, frequency, harmonics) and
power quality problems can be solved by using FACTS controllers.
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 Khanchi, Sapna, and Vijay Kumar Garg. "Unified Power Flow Controller (FACTS Device):
A Review." system 5 (2013): 6.
 This paper discusses about operating (control) modes of shunt and series voltage
converters of the UPFC. There are two operating modes for the shunt voltage converter
.
• VAR control mode
• Automatic voltage control mode

 The different control modes for the series voltage converter are given :
• Direct voltage injection mode
• Phase Angle Shifter Emulation mode
• Line impedance emulation mode
• Automatic power flow control mode

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 Qader, M. R. "Design and simulation of a different innovation controller-based UPFC (unified power
flow controller) for the enhancement of power quality." Energy 89 (2015): 576-592.

 The Shunt and series voltage inverters are connected through a DC link capacitor to coordinate . This will
allow bidirectional flow of real power in the middle of output terminals of shunt and series inverters. The
energy storing capacity of the DC capacitor is generally low. Therefore the real power demand of the series
inverter has to be supplied by the shunt inverter.
 Different PI controllers are used to control the operation of the UPFC including decoupling PI controllers,
hybrid PI controllers, and cross-coupling PI controllers. The real and reactive power flows decrease when
cross-coupling PI controllers are used and the direct coupling PI regulation methods can lessen the harmonics
in the measurement. For the purpose of damping oscillations in power systems, a mixture of cross-coupling PI
controller and direct coupling controllers, known as hybrid controllers, were recommended.

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 K.Suresh1 P.Venkatesh, Modelling and Controlling Of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC),
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), Vol.2, Issue.4, July-Aug 2012pp-
2574-2577
 In this paper a comparison done between conventional PI controller and the proposed ANFIS based
controller for UPFC indicates that the proposed ANFIS based controller has less settling time and
less overshoot when compared with the conventional PI controller.

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 Voltage Sag(ordip)
• Description: A decrease of the normal voltage level
between 10 and 90% of the nominal rms voltage at
the power frequency, for durations of 0.5 cycle to 1
minute.
• Causes: Faults on the transmission or distribution
network (most of the times on parallel feeders).
Faults in consumer’s installation. Connection of
heavy loads and start-up of large motors.
• Consequences: Malfunction of information
technology equipment, namely microprocessor-
based control systems (PCs, PLCs, ASDs, etc) that
may lead to a process stoppage. Tripping of
contactors and electromechanical relays.
Disconnection and loss of efficiency in electric
rotating machines.
Voltage Swell
• Description: Momentary increase of the voltage, at the power frequency,
outside the normal tolerances, with duration of more than one cycle and
typically less than a few seconds.
• Causes: Start/stop of heavy loads, badly dimensioned power sources, badly
regulated transformers (mainly during off-peak hours).
• Consequences: Data loss, flickering of lighting and screens, stoppage or
damage of sensitive equipment, if the voltage values are too high.
Harmonic distortion
• Description: Voltage or current waveforms assume non-sinusoidal shape. The waveform
corresponds to the sum of different sine-waves with different magnitude and phase,
having frequencies that are multiples of power-system frequency.
• Causes: Classic sources: electric machines working above the knee of the magnetization
curve (magnetic saturation), arc furnaces, welding machines, rectifiers, and DC brush
motors.
• Modern sources: all non-linear loads, such as power electronics equipment including ASDs,
switched mode power supplies, data processing equipment, high efficiency lighting.
• Consequences: Increased probability in occurrence of resonance, neutral overload in 3-
phase systems, overheating of all cables and equipment, loss of efficiency in electric
machines, electromagnetic interference with communication systems, errors in measures
when using averagereading meters, nuisance tripping of thermal protections.
Harmonic Filters
 Power factor depends on:-
1. Displacement between current and voltage phasors
2. Total Harmonic distortion
 pf = displacement pf * distortion pf

 Current-voltage displacement can be minimized by

using capacitor banks(to compensate the reactive power)
and synchronous condensers, etc.
Power Quality Conditioner (PQC)
 The integration of series-active and shunt-active filters.
 The main purpose of a PQC is to compensate for voltage
flicker/imbalance, reactive power, negative sequence current, and
harmonics.
 In other words, the PQC has the capability of improving power
quality at the point of installation on power distribution systems
or industrial power systems.
 A PQC that combines the operations of a Distribution Static
Compensator (DSTATCOM) and Dynamic Voltage Regulator (DVR)
together.
 FIG: GENERAL POWER QUALITY CONDITIONER

In short,
Shunt active filters eliminate the harmonics,
Whereas, Series active filters allow the passage ofonly the fundamental
wave.
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
 The proposed topology is an eight-switch conditioner using a hybrid filter in shunt
converter aiming costs reduction when compared to traditional power
conditioners.
 The eight-switch converter performs the constant measurement of voltage and
current from the grid to make control decisions, which are basically the injection
signal to compensate the current harmonics and, in case of a voltage sag, increasing
the range of the carrier dedicated to the series converter to inject the signal for a
rated load voltage.
 In this topology, the compensation of current harmonics is performed by a passive
filter in series with an active filter. The passive filter is tuned to the 7th harmonic,
having a low impedance around this harmonic and a high impedance around the
switching frequency.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Series
AC Supply LOAD
Transformer

Reduced Switch
DC Source
Inverter

PWM

Series Control
PI Controller
Shunt Control
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENTAND SOCIETY
1. The mitigation of all the power quality related issues leads to the economic operation of the power

system.
2. A technically sound quality of power will be supplied to the equipments, thereby leading to their

smooth operation and ensuring a long life for them.

3. The elimination of harmonics and other issues leads to the proper operation of the system, thereby

eliminating the unwanted vibrations and keeping the system stable.

4. The reactive power is compensated at an acceptable and affordable cost and thus, the system efficiency

improves.
5. The power factor is improved; this leads to a heavy savagein the costs ofelectricity bills.

6. Above all, the problem of power pollutionis eliminated.

ADVANTAGES
 Improves the transient stability of the system.
 Controls real and reactive power flow in the line independently.
 Damping of oscillations which can threaten security or limit the usable line
capacity.
APPLICATIONS
 Using HVDC transmission system
 Use of UPFC for optimal power flow control
 For improving micro grid voltage profile
 For enhancement of voltage profile & minimization of losses
 Increase transient stability of inter area power system
 For damping power system oscillation
CONCLUSION
 POWER QUALITY maintenance is an important aspect in the economic
operation of asystem.
 Various PQproblems may lead to another undesirable problems.
 Proper mitigation devices can be used to maintain the level of power
qualityasdesired.
 The overall result over the power system is that it improved the power
factor.
 So it bring the present power system at better economy level.
References
 Das, Abhishek, and A. K. Sharma. "Experimental Study of Power Quality in Transmission Line by using of
FACTS Device." International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology 2.6 (2015): 32-36.
 Bindeshwar Singh, Pavan Prakash Gupta, Rajiv Kumar and Ashok Kumar, “Electrical Power Quality Problem:
A key Issues, Challenges & Opportunities”, Journal of Automation & Systems Engineering”, Volume 9, Issue
4, December 2015
 Khanchi, Sapna, and Vijay Kumar Garg. "Unified Power Flow Controller (FACTS Device): A Review."
system 5 (2013): 6.
 Qader, M. R. "Design and simulation of a different innovation controller-based UPFC (unified power flow
controller) for the enhancement of power quality." Energy 89 (2015): 576-592.
 K.Suresh1 P.Venkatesh, Modelling and Controlling Of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), International
Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), Vol.2, Issue.4, July-Aug 2012 pp-2574-2577

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Thank You !!!!

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