Exergy

Purnomo
Jurusan Teknik Mesin
UGM
Wsurr = 0
Reversible work
Second Law efficiency :
effectiveness

Which one is the better engine ?

Second Law efficiency
 Second Law Analysis of Closed
system
• Exergy : maximum possible work that can
be produced by a system
• Requirement :
- reversible
- final state = dead state
First Law : Q  W  U 2  U1
Qlingk
Second Law : S gen  ( S 2  S1 ) sys  T
lingk
Tlingk = T0 , Qlingk= - Q

Eliminating Q yields : W  (U1  U 2 )  T0 ( S1  S 2 )  T0 S gen

Useful work : Wu = W – P0(V2 – V1)

Wu  (U1  U 2 )  T0 ( S1  S 2 )  P0 (V1  V2 )  T0 S gen
• Reversible : Sgen = 0

Wrev  (U1  U 2 )  T0 (S1  S2 )  P0 (V1  V2 )

• State 2 is a dead state :
Wmax  1  (U1  U 0 )  T0 (S1  S0 )  P0 (V1  V0 )

(Φ = closed system availability)

  (U  U 0 )  T0 (S  S0 )  P0 (V  V0 )
Wrev  1   2 kJ

wrev  1   2 kJ/kg

Irreversibility :

I  Wrev  Wu  T0 S gen kJ

i  wrev  wu  T0 sgen kJ/kg

 Second Law Analysis of Steady
Flow Systems
• First Law :
   Ve2    Vi 2 
Q W   me  he   gze    mi  hi   gzi 
 2   2 
• Second Law :
   Qlingk
S gen   me se   mi si 
T0
• Qlingk = - Q, eliminating Q :

   Vi 2    Ve2  
W   mi  hi   gzi  T0 si    me  he   gze  T0 se   T0 S gen
 2   2 
 Reversible : Sgen = 0
 
 Vi 2    Ve2 
Wrev   mi  hi   gzi  T0 si    me  he   gze  T0 se 
 2   2 
Single stream :
  Vi 2    Ve2 
W rev  m  hi   gzi  T0 si   m  he   gze  T0 se 
 2   2 

Vi 2  Ve2
wrev  hi  he   T0 si  se   g  zi  z e 
2
 Stream Availability (Ψ)
Referencing to the dead state
V2
  h  h0   T0 ( s  s0 )   gz
2
Reversible work : Irreversibility
 
W rev  m( 1  2 )   
I  Wrev  Wu  T0 S gen
wrev   1  2 i  wrev  wu  T0 s gen
Exergy Transfer
Exergy decrease Principle
Exergy Destruction
Exergy Balance
Exergy Balance:
Control Volume
Steady Flow
Examples
DEAD STATE