MODERN COLLEGE OF ARTS,SCIENCE AND

COMMERCE,SHIVAJINAGAR ,PUNE.

PROJECT TITLE:- HYDRAULIC MACHINES

PROJECT IN CHARGE:- MR. S .R.WAGH
SUBMITTED BY:- MANPREET KAUR (52035) AND
S.CLINTON SINGH (52034)
 WHAT IS HYDRAULIC

HYDRAULIC IS THE TOPIC IN APPLIED SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING DEALING WITH THE MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
HYDRAULIC IS A PART OF RIVER ENGINEERING
 THE BASIC LAW OF HYDRAULIC
Fluid mechanics provide the theoretical foundation of hydraulic and
focuses mainly on its engineering application. the basic laws of fluid
dynamics that govern the working of any hydraulic system are:

Pascal's law: It states that pressure exerted anywhere in a confined

incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout
the fluid such that the pressure ratio (initial difference) remains the
same.

The hydraulic jack hydraulic press and breaking system for automobiles
are some examples of application of this law.
The relationship between pressure , forces and area is given by
p=f/a

This relationship is very useful for obtaining a mechanical advantage.

as per the Pascal law the pressure in a fluid remains the same everywhere
.which implies that the ratio of force and area must remains constant .

This fact can ne used to lift greater weights with lesser forces as shown in the
figure.
Our project : THE HYDRAULIC PICK AND PLACE MACHINE
Our project is based on the same laws that are mentioned before.

Syringes are used as actuators as well as the switches .

the medium of transformation is water.

The whole project uses four pair of syringes and in each pair one
syringes is acting as the actuator and the other one acts as the
direction control valve.

We can also use syringes of different diameter. This is done to make

that with application of less force more work can be done that is
obtaining a mechanical advantage.
THE HYDRAULIC PICK AND PLACE MACHINE
 WORKING MECHANISM
1. THE FIRST PAIR OF SYRINGES IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
VERTICAL MOTION OF THE MECHANICAL ARM.

2. THE SECOND PAIR OF SYRINGES IS EMPLOYED FOR THE

ROTATION OF THE MACHINE ARM
The third pair is used for holding purpose that is for the main pick and
place task which our purely mechanical robot is supposed to perform.

For the pick and place task the machine arm contains two set of jaws .
the movable jaw actually closes or opens with the forward or
backward motion of the actuator thus leading to holding and dropping
he objects.

In same lines a fifth pair can also be used to extend the range of the
arm or for the rotation of the jaws so that it can perform more
complex tasks with greater ease.
THE ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF THE HYDRAULIC ARM
ADVANTAGES:
-The robot used can have many industrial uses.
-When used in a locomotive format can be of great use in the
production and packaging field.
-The simplicity and easy to repair design makes it really cheap.

DISADVANTAGE:
-The input here is mechanical .
-uses of electrical circuits can make it much more simpler to operate
and have a better control over it which is difficult in purely mechanical
design.
HYDRAULIC BRAKING SYSTEM
HYDRAULIC BRAKING SYSTEM IN 4 WHEELER
WHAT IS HYDRAULIC LIFT
HYDRAULIC LIFT IS A DEVICE USED TO CARRYING PASSENGERS OR GOODS FROM ONE FLOOR
TO ANOTHER IN MULTI- STORIED BUILDING TO RAISE HEAVY OBJECTS.
HISTORY OF HYDRAULIC LIFT
The need for vertical transport is as old as civilization. over the
centuries , mankind has employed ingenious forms of lifting.
• The first elevator designed for a passenger was built in 1743 for
king Louis xv at his palace in France . the one person contraption
went up only one floor , from another floor . known as the “flying
chair “. it was on the outside of the building , and was entered by the
king via his balcony.
• By 1850 steam and hydraulic elevators had been introduced , but it
was in 1852 that the landmark event in elevator history occurred :
the invention of the world first safely elevator by Elisha graves Otis .
the first passenger elevator was installed by Otis in New York in 1857
 PRINCIPLE OF HYDRAULIC LIFT
It is a principle in fluid mechanics that states that a pressure change occurring anywhere in a
confined incompressible fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid such that the same change
occurs everywhere. The law was established by French , mathematician .
Hydraulics is a technology and applied science using engineering ,chemistry, and other
sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids. At a very basic level,
hydraulics is the liquid counterpart of pneumatics, which concerns gases. Fluid mechanics
provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on the applied engineering
using the properties of fluids. In its fluid power applications, hydraulics is used for the
generation, control, and transmission of power by the use of pressurized liquids.

The principles of hydraulics are in use naturally in the human body within the heart and the
penile erection. Free surface hydraulics is the branch of hydraulics dealing with free surface
flow, such as occurring in rivers, canals, lakes, estuaries and seas. Its sub-field open channel
flow studies the flow in open channels.
 TYPES OF HYDRAULIC LIFTS

DIRECT ACTING SUSPENDED HYDRAULIC

HYDRAULIC LIFT LIFT
 DIRECT ACTING HYDRAULIC LIFT
1. When fluid under pressure is forced into the cylinder, the ram gets a push
upward.
2. The platform carries loads or passengers and moves between the guides.
3. At required height, it can be made to stay in level with each floor so that the
goods or passengers can be translated.
4. In direct acting hydraulic lift , stroke of the ram is equal to the lift of the cage.
• CONSTRUCTION DETAILS:
• Cage: It is fitted on the top of the sliding ram where the load is placed (i.e. lifted load).
• Wire rope: It connects the cage to pulley.
• Sliding ram: It is fitted in the fixed cylinder which is reciprocate (upward or downward
direction) when we applied the pressure (i.e. reaches the floor wise)
• Pulleys: pulleys are connected to the sliding ram and fixed cylinder; where one pulley is fixed
and other pulley is movable.
• Hydraulic jigger: It consists of a moving ram which slides inside a fixed hydraulic cylinder.
• Fixed cylinder-: It is fixed with the wall of the floor, where the sliding ram reciprocate when
we apply the pressure.
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS:
SUSPENDED HYDRAULIC LIFT
Cage: it is fitted on the top of the sliding ram where the load is placed (i.E. Lifted load).
Wire rope: it connects the cage to pulley.
Sliding ram: it is fitted in the fixed cylinder which is reciprocate (upward or downward direction) when we applied
the pressure (i.E. Reaches the floor wise)
Pulleys: pulleys are connected to the sliding ram and fixed cylinder; where one pulley is fixed and other pulley is
movable.
Hydraulic jigger: it consists of a moving ram which slides inside a fixed hydraulic cylinder.
Fixed cylinder-: it is fixed with the wall of the floor, where the sliding ram reciprocate when we apply the pressure.
APPLICATIONS OF HYDRAULIC LIFTS:-

• Wheel chair lift

• Industrial hydraulic applications
• Material handling truck trailers
• Hydraulic jack and cylinder are th most commonly used in heavy industry
and power equipment that require tremendous power to operate.
• Hydraulic jacks in all types of heavy machinery and vehicles such as
excavators, forklifts, elevators and etc.
THE ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF HYDRAULIC LIFT
ADVANTAGE
• Lower cost of equipment and its maintenance.
• More efficient building space utilization. Moreover
overhead machine room isn’t required.
• Most effective for high load capacity requirements ,that
is why it is highly used for heights , automobile elevators
DISADVANTAGE
• Performance of hydraulic elevator becomes erratic as the oil in the system
varies in temperature .
• Since it has no safety device to prevent its falling it depends wholly on the
pressure.
 MODERN INNOVATIONS
1.) Now days the speed of hydraulic lift has been increased
enormously.

2. ) By using working oils in hydraulic actuators while energy

recovering operation is performed by the hydraulic lift device ,
occurrence of pressure pulsation in the working oil can be
prevented , and energy recovering efficiency is increased.