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Introduction: Distribution system discuss how the power that is generated by the
power stations are supplied to the consumers. i.e. industrial purpose or home use etc.
Distribution system includes the main distribution substation(132/66KV) and sub
distribution substations (large66/33KV small (33/11kV) and distribution system directly to
consumers (11/0.4KV)
The figure below gives an idea of the distribution system
Types of Distribution system according to voltage
range
According to voltage levels distribution system are classified
into two. They are:-
1) Substation Arrangement
2) Types of Systems
3) Primary Distribution Feeders Arrangement
4) Primary Network
So to built a primary distribution network we have to fulfill those criteria
Above the substations we select (G) type arrangement because of the following
advantages:-
-It has two incoming line capacity with breakers placed in line
-It has a re-closer
-Transformer protection capability is high because of an extra breakers in front of it
- Also power by pass capability in case of transformer failure.
Substation Bus Arrangements
A bus is a junction of two or more incoming and outgoing
circuits. The most common bus arrangement consists of one
source or supply circuit and one or more feeder circuits. It is
the most important part of the distribution as well as the total
power system. So we have carefully take the decision which
bus bar is suitable for our system.
2) Loop Feeder:
A loop feeder has its ends connected to
a source (usually a single source),
but its main function is to supply
two or more load points in
between. Each load point can be
supplied from either direction; so it
is possible to remove any section
of the loop from service without
causing an outage at other load
points.
3) Radial Feeder :
A radial feeder connects between a
source and a load point, and it may
supply one or more additional load
points between the two. Each load
point can be supplied from one
direction only.
4)Parallel Feeder:
Parallel feeders connect the source
and a load or load center and
provide the capability of supplying
power to the load through one or
any number of the parallel feeders.
Parallel feeders provide for
maintenance of feeders without
interrupting service to load.
Decision
There are various and yet interrelated factors affecting the selection of
a primary feeder rating.
Examples are:
3) Radial type primary feeder with express feeder and back feed
5. Number of customers
2) Conductor size: The conductor size is chosen mainly on the basis of the
permissible voltage drop in the distribution section under consideration. The
secondary distributors are designed for 6% voltage drop from the transformer
to the last consumer in the system.
Types of Systems
1) Conventional Simple-
Radial Distribution
System
Advantages:
Operation and expansion is simple
and Reliability is high
Disadvantages:
In case of maintenance service
interrupted
2) Expanded Radial
Distribution System
Advantages:
a) Operation and expansion is
simple and Reliability is high
b) Capability to work with lager
loads
Disadvantages:
a) In case of maintenance service
interrupted
3) Secondary Selective-Radial
Distribution System
Advantages:
a) Operation and expansion is simple
and Reliability is high
b) Capability to work with lager loads
c) In case of maintenance no service
interrupt
Disadvantages:
a) Cost is high
4) Secondary Network
Distribution System
Advantages:
a) Operation and expansion is simple
and
Reliability is high
b) Capability to work with lager loads
c) In case of maintenance no service
interrupt
d) Network Protection is used
Disadvantages:
a) Cost is high
Final Decision
For Primary Distribution
Substation Arrangement
( Double breaker with automatic re-closer)
Types of Systems
(Expanded Radial Distribution
System)
The End