Computer Systems Architecture

ICT-1-02-CSA

Introduction

Prepared by: SGU First Prepared on: 25.6.04 Last Modified on: 1.7.04
Quality checked by: TJS
Copyright 2004 Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology
 Consider the following
advertisement! Overview of the Computer systems

Computer systems architecture Slide 2 of 38

 Computer System Architecture
Overview of the Computer systems

1) Introductory Topics

→ Overview of computer systems

→ Data Representation and manipulation
● Characters
● Image Data
● Audio Data
2) Little Man Computer Model

→ Instructions for LMC

Fetch Phase
→ Instructions for LMC
→ Instruction cycle of the LMC
→ Von Neumannn Architecture Execute Phase

Computer systems architecture Slide 3 of 38

 Computer System
Architecture Overview of the Computer systems

3) The Concept of Registers

General Purpose registers
→ Types of registers User invisible registers
→ Operations of a register
→ Registers vs Memory
→ Memory Organisation
→ Interaction between the CPU and memory
→ Register transfer language
→ Types of memory
Magnetic core

RAM
ROM

Computer systems architecture Slide 4 of 38

 Computer System
Architecture Overview of the Computer systems
4 ) Scalar and Superscalar Processing

→ Buses Topologies
→ What is Pipelining
→ Issues in pipelining and Solutions
→ Superscalar processor
→ Alternative CPU organisation (Fetch Execute Units)
→ Implementation of the CPU Hardware implementation

Micro programmed implementation

Computer systems architecture Slide 5 of 38

 Computer System Architecture
Overview of the Computer systems

5) RISC and CISC Architecture

→ features of Reduced Instruction Set Computer

→ features of Complex Instruction Set Computer
→ Comparing RISC vs CISC

6) Instruction Analysis
Op code
Source Operand
→ Elements of the instructions
→ Classification of Instructions Destination Operand

Computer systems architecture Slide 6 of 38

 Computer System Architecture
Overview of the Computer systems

7) Addressing Modes

→ Types of addressing modes

● Direct, Absolute addressing
● Register addressing
● Base addressing
● Relative addressing
● Immediate addressing
● Indirect addressing
● Index addressing

Computer systems architecture Slide 7 of 38

 Computer System Architecture
Overview of the Computer systems

8) Input/Output

→ Input/Output Module

→ Programmed Input/Output – one word transfer under program

control

→ Interrupts – allows to time share the CPU between

several different programs

→ Direct Memory Access – direct transfer of data to and from

memory without active involvement of
the CPU
Computer systems architecture Slide 8 of 38
 Something to think about!
Overview of the Computer systems

If builders built houses the way programmers built

programs, the first woodpecker to come along would
destroy civilization!

- GERALD WEINBERG

Computer systems architecture Slide 9 of 38