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Of
Process Equipment
Objectives
Selection Charts
Literature
Previous experience
Advise from materials supplier
Advise from equipment manufacturer
Advise from consultants
Material of Construction
(Cont’d)
Final Selection
• Based on economic analysis which
would include
–Material cost
–Maintenance cost
Commonly Used
Materials of Construction
• Metals
• Polymers or Plastics
• Ceramic Materials
Metals
• Carbon steels
• Stainless steels
• Specialty alloys
Carbon Steels
Most common engineering material
Advantages
Inexpensive
Good tensile strength and ductility
Available in a wide range of standard forms and sizes
Easily worked and welded
Carbon Steels (Cont’d)
Limitations
• Corrosion resistance not good
• External surface need painting to prevent
atmospheric corrosion
Suitable for use with:
Most organic solvents
Steam, air, cooling water, boiler feed water
Concentrated sulfuric acid and caustic
alkalies
Stainless Steels
Main Classes:
1. Thermoplastic – can be reshaped
2. Thermosetting – cannot be remoulded
Thermoplastic
• Polyethylenes (low cost; T < 50oC)
• Polypropylene ( T up to 120oC)
• Polyvinyl chloride ( T 60oC)
Plastics (Cont’d)
Thermosetting
- good mechanical properties (T 95oC)
- good chemical resistance (except strong
alkalies)
Examples:
• Phenolic resins –filled with carbon, graphite,
silica
• Polyester resins – reinforced with glass or
carbon fibre to improve strength
Plastics (Cont’d)
Polytetrafloroethylene
(PTFE)
Known under the trade names of Teflon
and Fluon
Can be used up to 250oC – highest for all
plastics
Resistant to all chemicals except fluorine
and molten alkalies
Rubber Lining
CHETAN PATEL