ARISTOTLE

Ancient scientist
who had the first
philosophical
views on motion
 GALILEO GALILEI
 Disapproved
Aristotle’s ideas
 Studied motion of
falling bodies in the
Leaning Tower of
Pisa and on an
inclined plane
Sir Isaac Newton
-An English physicist,
mathematician, astronomer, natural
philosopher, alchemist and
theologian who put together the ideas
of Aristotle and Galileo and was the
first to explain the relationship
between force and motion
-Discovered the presence of
gravity in a falling apple.
-He formulated the Three
Laws of Motion
 What is motion?
It is a change in position of an
object with respect to a reference
point.
 What is a Reference Point?
Also known as point of reference or
frame of reference
This is any fixed object used to
detect motion
 What causes motion?
Unbalanced forces cause motion.
How do we describe motion?
It can be described as either fast or
slow.
It can be described in terms of
different quantities such as
speed, velocity, acceleration,
displacement and time.
What is a valid measurement?
-composed of a number and a unit
ExamplesAny
of amount
valid measurements
Any wordor quantity
or letters added at the
Examples:
12end of5,a 50,
hours number
100
Examples: centimeters (cm),
35 centimeters
kilometers (km), seconds (s),
78 kilograms
kilograms (kg), hours (h)
65 m/s
 Remember the valid
measurements because
you are going to use them
on the next topics which
includes the quantities
involved in motion.
Different quantities related to motion
Quantities related to
motion

QuantitiesScalar
that are described
Quantities
by that
bothare described
Vector
magnitude (amount)only
quantities and direction
by magnitude or quantities
amount

Examples:
Examples: -12 hours, 16 minutes, 38 seconds
Time Displacement
-24 cm, South; 12 meters, North East; 98 km, North
-3cm/s, East;Distance
-14 kilometers, 34 centimeters, 20 meters
45m/s forward, 65km/h, Manila Velocity
-12cm/s2 , West;Speed -3cm/s,
35m/s2, Angeles, 152,m/s,
12km/h 80km/h
Straight Acceleration
 Motion in a Straight Path
(Linear Motion)
It is the simplest type of motion
It is motion in a straight line
Quantity 1: Distance
 Quantity 1: Distance
The length of actual path
travelled by an object.
It is a scalar quantity.
Units: millimeter (mm), centimeter
(cm), meter (m), kilometer (km),
etc.
Quantity 1: Distance
What instrument/s is/are used
to measure distance?
Quantity 2: Displacement
Quantity 2: Displacement
The shortest distance travelled
between initial point to final
point of path travelled by an
object. It is always a straight
line
It is a Vector quantity.
Units: units for distance +
direction
Quantity 2: Displacement
What instrument/s is/are used
to measure displacement?
 Distance & Displacement
DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT
The length of actual path The shortest distance travelled
travelled by an object. between initial point to final
point of path travelled by an
object.
It is a scalar quantity. It is a Vector quantity.

It can not be zero. It can be zero.

It is not always a straight It is always a straight line
line

When do you have a zero displacement?

Quantity 3:Speed
 Quantity 3:Speed
It is how fast or slow a
moving object is.
It is a scalar quantity.
 Quantity 3:Speed
What instrument is used to
measure speed?
 Quantity 3:Speed
It is the distance travelled by
a moving object per unit
time.
Speed = Distance Travelled
Time Taken
Units: cm/s, m/s, km/h, etc
 Formula for speed
Distance d
Speed = V=
Time t
Where:
V= speed (cm/s, m/s, km/h)
d= distance (cm, m, km)
t= time (s, min, h)
EXERCISES
 Types of Speed
1. Instantaneous speed- can be
indicated by the reading at a
particular time on the
speedometer.
2. Average speed- indicates the
average rate of movement during
the entire time of travel.
Quantity 4:Velocity
 Quantity 4:Velocity
It tells how fast a moving object
and where it is going
It is a vector quantity. North
North North
West East
West East
South South
West East
South
 Quantity 4:Velocity
What instrument/s is/are used to
measure velocity?
 Quantity 4:Velocity
It is the distance travelled by a
moving object per unit time in a
given direction.
Velocity = Displacement
Time Taken
Units: unit for speed + direction
 Formula for velocity
Displacement d
Velocity = V=
Time t
Where:
V= velocity (unit for speed + direction)
d= displacement (unit for distance + direction)
t= time (s, min, h)
EXERCISES
 Difference between Speed &
Velocity
SPEED VELOCITY
The distance travelled by The distance travelled by
a moving object per unit a moving object per unit
time. time in a given direction.
It is a scalar quantity. It is a vector quantity.
It can not be zero. It can be zero.

When do you have a zero velocity?

Quantity 5: Acceleration
Quantity 5: Acceleration
It tells how the speed of a moving
object changes over a period of
time.
It is the rate of change of velocity of
a moving object
It is a vector quantity.
Units: cm/s2, m/s2, km/h2, etc
Quantity 5: Acceleration
What instrument is used to
measure acceleration?
What are the evidences of
acceleration?
a) Speeding up
b) Slowing down
c) Changing direction
 Quantity 5: Acceleration
Types of acceleration:
a) acceleration- positive acceleration
-happens when an object is speeding up
b) deceleration- negative acceleration
-happens when an object is slowing down
 Formula for acceleration
final velocity – initial velocity
acceleration =
Time

Vf - Vi
a=
t
Where:
a = acceleration (unit for speed + direction)
Vi = initial velocity (unit for speed + direction)
Vf = final velocity (unit for speed + direction)
t= time (s, min, h)
EXERCISES
GRAPHING
MOTION
 Distance – Time Graph
A graph , which shows the
distance travelled by an object
with time.
shows the motion (speed and
acceleration) of an object in a
visual manner.
 DISTANCE-TIME GRAPH
E-F:
A-B:
E-F:-shows
REVIEW!
B-C:
A-B: The
The
The
D-E:The
C-D: The
Thewhat
object
objecthappens
object
object
objectmoves
moves
moves
moves to
in
movesin the
in
in a
a speed
inaaaan
a of the
B-C:
C-D: The
moving
object
object
object
is
moves
at rest.
in
constant
_________________________.
decreasing speed
speed.
forward.
___________________.
________________________.
Increasing
____________________.
constant speed.
__________________.
speed backward.
F
DISTANCE

A
E

B C
D

TIME
 Velocity – Time Graph
A graph , which shows the change
in velocity of an object with time
shows the motion (velocity and
acceleration) of an object in a
visual manner.
 VELOCITY-TIME GRAPH
-shows
A-B:
REVIEW!
C-D:
B-C:
E-F: The
The
The what happens
object
object
object moves
moves
moves toin
in the
inaa
a velocity and
B-C:
D-E:
C-D: The
The object
object
acceleration of
moves
moves
the
in
in
moving
a
aobject
Uniform
____________________
Constant acceleration
deceleration
_______________ deceleration
________________________
speed.
acceleration(increasing
(decreasing
_______________________________
Non-uniform (slowing
(speeding
__________________________
velocity or speeding
slowing down).
up).
down
up) or decreasing velocity).
F
VELOCITY

A
E

B C
D

TIME
End
End