Tower of

london
Notre Dame
Pagoda
KLCC
Eifell Tower
Golden Gate
New York Street Florida Castle
 Integration is the reverse process of
differentiation

Differentiation dy
y = f(x)  f ' ( x)
Integration dx

Integration of a function f(x) with

respect to x is denoted as  f ( x)dx
In general,

 g ( x)dx  f ( x)  c
d
If [ f ( x)]  g ( x) then
dx

Always include
constant of
integration, c
 
d 6 5
Given ( x )  6 x
5
6 x dx
find dx
 d 6
Given ( x )  6 x 5

dx

  6 x dx  x  c
5 6
 d
Given (2 x 7  5 x)  14 x 6  5 ,
dx

find
 
6
14 x 5dx
 d
Given (2 x  5 x)  14 x  5,
7 6

dx

  (14 x  5)dx  2 x  5 x  c
6 7
Integrals of expression of the form axn

1. If y = a where a is a constant, then

 ydx   adx  ax  c

Ex: Find
 5dx
Solution:

 5dx  5 x  c
2. If y = xn where n is an integer, n,  -1 then

n 1
x
  
n
x dx c
n 1

Ex: Find 4
x dx
Solution: 5
x
  
4
x dx c
5
3. If y = axn where n is an integer, n,  -1 then

n 1
ax
  
n
ax dx c
n 1

Ex: Find 4
6 x dx
Solution:
5
6x
 6 x dx  5  c
4
 4.  [ f ( x)  g ( x)]dx   f ( x)dx   g ( x)dx
    5 3
Ex: Find [( 2 x 1) (3 x 4 x )]dx
Solution:
    
5 3
( 2 x 1) dx (3 x 4 x )dx
2x2 3x 6 4 x 4
(  x)  (  )c
2 6 4
6
x
x2  x   x4  c
2
 n 1
(ax  b)
5.
 (ax  b) dx  a(n  1)  c
n


(2 x  7) dx
3 5
Ex: Find
 (3x  5)4 dx

  5
Solution: ( 2 x 7 ) dx
1 51 3
 (2 x (73) x  5c )
23
(5  1)
( 2 x  7) 6
 c
12
 1
  
4
Find ( x 3
1) dx
x


3
x 4
 x  1dx
x 5 x 2
  xc
5 2
x5 1
 2  xc
5 2x
 4
Find  x( x  x  3)dx

  2
( 4 x 3 x ) dx
3 2
x 3x
4x   c
3 2
Integrate x 4
3
with respect to x
2
x
 x3  4
 x 2 dx
3
x 4
 x 2  x 2 dx

2
x  4 x dx
x2 x 1
4 c
2 1
2
x 4
 c
2 x
Find the integral of  5(4 x  1) dx
4
  4
5( 4 x 1) dx
5(4 x  1) 5
c
5(4)
(4 x  1)5
c
4
Find the integral of

x  4x  4
2

 x  2 dx
 x2  4x  4
 x  2 dx
( x  2) 2

 x  2 dx
 ( x  2)dx
2
x
 2x  c
2
Integrate x 9
2
with respect to x
 x  3 dx
 x 9
2

 x3 dx

( x  3)( x  3)
 x  3 dx
 ( x  3) dx
2
x
 3x  c
2
Find the integral of the following expressions:
(a )  (2 x  1) dx
2

(b)  (3x  2)( x  1) dx

9 x 3
(c)  5 dx
x
2
(d )  x (4  4 ) dx
2

x
 4 x3 ( 2 x  1) 3
(a)  2 x 2  x  c or c
3 6
2
x
b) x 3   2 x  c
2
9 1
(c )  4   c
4x x
4 x3 2
(d )  c
3 x
 d  2x  4 
Given that  2   2 f ( x), find
dx  x  1   f ( x) dx

x2
 c
x 1
2
Chong Pak
Cheong:

Page : 204

Questions: 12
Jeng….jeng….jeng…
a)  (3x 2  2 x  1)dx Answer c)  x 3 (1  5x 2 )dx
3x 3 2 x 2

3

2
xc 
 ( x 3  5 x 5 )dx

 x3  x2  x  c x 4 5x 6
  c
4 6

 3( x 3  1)
b)  (2  x) (1  3x)dx
2
d)  x 5
dx

3x 3 3

 (4  8 x  11x 2  3x 3 )dx 
 ( 5  5 )dx
x x
 4x  4x 
11x 3 3x 4
2
 c   (3x 2
 3x 5 )dx
3 4
3 3
  4 c
x 4x
 5x 3  2 x 2 2 x 2  50
e)  x 2
dx g)  x5
dx

5x 3 2 x 2 2( x  5)( x  5)

 ( 2  2 )dx
x x
  x5
dx

  (5 x  2)dx   (2 x  10)dx
5x 2  x 2  10 x  c
  2x  c
2

1  6x  9x 2
h)   5(6 x  7) 4 dx
f)  1  3x
dx
5(6 x  7) 5
(1  3 x)(1  3 x)  c
5 6
  1  3x
dx
(6 x  7 ) 5
  (1  3x)dx  c
6
3x 2
x c
2
 1
i)  (1  2 x) 5
dx


 (1  2 x) 5 dx
Write these on your
4
(1  2 x)

(4)  (2)
c friend’s paper:

1
c Marks Range:
8(1  2 x) 4

1 8-10 : Well Done !

j)  
4(3  2 x) 2
dx

1 5-7 : Good Job!


  (3  2 x)  2 dx
4 Below 5 : Don’t Give Up.
1  (3  2 x) 1 
   c
4  (1)  (2) 
1
 c
8(3  2 x)
Determining Equations Of The Curve
From The Functions of Gradients.

The equation of the curve , y=f(x)

can be determined by integrating
the function of dy
dx

 dy 
y     dx
 dx 
The gradientdy
function of a curve is
given by dx  6 x 2
 4x
Given that the curve passes through
point (2,-1), find the equation of the
curve.
dy
 6x2  4x
dx
y   (6 x 2  4 x)dx
6 x3 4 x 2
y  c
3 2
y  2 x3  2 x 2  c
at (2,1),
 1  2( 2) 3  2( 2) 2  c
c  9
 y  2 x3  2 x 2  9
 dy
Given that and
4x  3  5
dx
y=5 when x =1, express y
in terms of x .
 dy
4x  3 5
dx
dy 5  4 x

dx 3
5 4x
y   (  )dx
3 3
5 4x2
y  x c
3 6
at (1,5)
5 2(1) 2
5  (1)  c
3 3
c4
5x  2 x 2
y  4
3
 2
d y dy
Given that 2
 2 x  3,  5 and
dx dx
y  2 when x  1, find y in terms of x.
dy
 x 2  3x  c
dx
5  (1) 2  3(1)  C
C 7
dy
 x 2  3x  7
dx
x 3 3x 2
y   7x  c
3 2
1 3(1)
2  7c
3 2
47
c
6
x 3 3x 2 47
y    7x 
3 2 6
TRIAL TERENGGANU 2008
Given that kx  x is a gradient function of a curve
2

where k is a constant . y  5 x  7  0 is the equation

of tangent to the curve at the point (1,2).
Find :
(a) the value of k ,
(b)the equation of the curve. 5 marks
 dy
(a)  kx2  x
dx
k (1) 2  1  5
k  6.

dy
(b)  6x2  x
dx
2
x
y  2 x3   c
2
(1) 2
 2  2(1) 
3
c
2
7
c
2
2
x 7
 y  2 x3   or 2 y  4 x 3  x 2  7
2 2
-Chong Pak
Cheong-
Page : 204

Questions: 7 - 11
b
Definite Integral of g(x)

a
g ( x ) dx from x=a to x = b
a is lower limit

b is upper limit

   
b
g ( x ) dx [ f ( x )]
a f (b ) f ( a )
a
 1
1
Evaluate 0 ( x  4)( x  2 )dx
Solution:
1
7
0 ( x  2 x  2)dx
2

3 2
x 7x
[   2 x]10
3 4
1 7
(   2)  ( 0)
3 4
4  21  24 GOOD!
( )
12
41

12
KEDAH TRIAL 2008

4
k 6
Given that  dx  ,
2
(3x  5) 2
7
find the value of k
Solution:

 k (3x  5)
2
dx
2
4
 k (3x  5) 
1
6
  
  1(3)  2 7
k 3
 Properties of Definite Integrals.
a


a
f ( x)dx  0

Ex:
5


5
xdx  0
Properties of Definite Integrals.

b b


a
kf ( x ) dx  k 
a
f ( x ) dx
 3
Given that  f ( x)dx  9 .
1
3
Find the value of 
1
6 f ( x ) dx
Solution:
3
 6 f ( x)dx
1
GREAT!
 6(9)
 54
Properties of Definite Integrals.

b a

a
f ( x)dx    f ( x)dx
b
 3
Given that  f ( x)dx  9 .
1
1
Find the value of 
3
f ( x)dx
Solution:
1 3


3
f ( x)dx    f ( x)dx
1

 9 Fuyoo!
 Properties of Definite Integrals.

b b b

 [ f ( x)  g ( x)]dx   f ( x)dx   g ( x)dx

a a a
 5

Given that
5
 g ( x)dx  6
1

and 
1
[ g ( x )  kx]dx  42

Find the value of k.

Solution:
5 5

 g ( x)dx   kxdx  42
1 1
2
kx 5
6 [ ]1  42
2
25k k
  36 SUPERB!
2 2
24k  72
k 3
Properties of Definite Integrals.

c b c


a
f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx
a b

Ex :
7 4 7


2
( 2 x  1) dx  
2
( 2 x  1) dx  
4
( 2 x  1) dx
 3
Given that 
1
f ( x)dx . 7
2 3
Find the value of  f ( x)dx   [ f ( x)  4 x]dx
1 2
Solution:
2 3

 f ( x)dx   [ f ( x)  4 x]dx
1 2
2 3 3

 f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx   4 xdx

1 2 2
3 2
4x 3
 f ( x)dx  [
2
]2
1 GOOD!
7  [2 x ]2 3
2

7  (18  8)
3
 TRIAL MARA 2006
3 2
Given that  f ( x)dx  4, find
2
the value of  5 f ( x)  3xdx.
3
Solution:
1

 3x  5 x
2
dx
1
2
3x 51
[  ]1
2 x
3 3 HOORAY!
(  5)  (  5)
2 2
 10
 shown
TRIAL MARA 2005

d  x 1 
2
Given    f ( x),
dx  2 x  3 
1
find the value of   f ( x)  x  dx.
0
Solution:

x2 1
Known that  f ( x) dx 
2x  3
1 1 1

  f ( x)  xdx   f ( x) dx   x dx
0 0 0
1 1
 x 1   x 
2 2
   
 2x  30  2 0
7

6
-Chong Pak
Cheong-
Page : 205

Questions: 13-14
AREA UNDER A CURVE USING
DEFINITE INTEGRAL
AREA UNDER A CURVE USING
DEFINITE INTEGRAL

Find the area of triangle BOC

Y
Y = 2X

C
O X
3
SOLUTION……
USING DEFINITE
INTEGRAL
USING FORMULA
OF TRIANGLE

3
A   2x dx
0

1
A   3 6 A 
x2
3
A  
= 2  0
A90
A  9 unit 2
A  9 unit 2
AREA UNDER A CURVE USING
DEFINITE INTEGRAL

Find the area of triangle BOC

Y
Y = 2X

C
O X
3
 Area between the graph and
Y x-axis

y=f(x)

b
A   y dx
a
X
a b
 Example 1

Find the area of the shaded region.

Y

Y  X 3
2

0 X
1
 1
A  x 2

 3 dx
0

3 1
x 
A  3x
3 0
 13   03 
A  31    30
 3   3 
10 2
A unit
3
 Example 2

Find the area of the shaded region.

Y
Y  X 2 1

0 X
4

-1
 1 4
area A    x 2  1dx area B    x 2  1dx
 
0 1 
1 4
 x3  x3 
  x    x
 3 
0  3 
1
 13   0 3 
  1    0   4 3   13 
 3   3    4     1
 3   3 
2
  unit2
3  18 unit2
2
 unit2
Area can
3 only take
2 56
+ve value Total area   18  unit2
3 3

Area A and B should be

evaluated separately
 Area between the graph and
y-axis
Y
y=f(x)
b
b
A   x dy
a a
X
 Example 3

Find the area of the shaded region.

Y

Y2  X 4
4

X
0
 4
A   y 2

 4 dy
2

3 4
y 
A    4y
3 2
 4 3   23 
A  44     42
 3   3 
32 2
A unit
3
 Example 4

Find the area of the shaded region.

Y

3
X 1Y 2
1

X
0
 3
3
 
area A   1  y 2 dy
area B   1  y 2 dy  
0
1
3
1
 y3 
 y3 
 y   y  
 3
3  3 0
 1 area A   1  y dx2

31 0 
3 3
 3  
3
1
3

1
  
 3    1    y1 y 3
  0  
3 3 3
 

 3 
   3 
 
 1 
   

 2
3   1  1 
3 3

 1 3   
 3  9  1      0 3 
3  

 3  3
 1
3  9  1  
3
20 220 2 2
 unit2   3 unitunit
3 3
20
 unit2
20 3
 unit2
3

20 2 22
Total area    unit2
3 3 3

Area A and B should be

evaluated separately
 Example 5
The diagram shows intersections of curve y=x2+1 and
the straight line y=x+3.Find
a) the coordinates of M and N
b) the area of the shaded region
y
y=x2+1
y=x+3

1
X
0
 y  x  3......... .........( 1) Area of the shaded region
y  x 2  1......... .......(2)
=A trapezium-A under a curve
2
Substitute (2) into (1) 1
x2  1 x  3  2  5 3  (x 2  1)dx

2 1
x2  x  2  0
(x  1)(x  2) 0 
2

21 x 3 2

 3  x 1
x  1, x  2
21
When x=-1, y=2  6
2
When x=2, y=5  4.5unit2
Hence, M(-1,2) and N(2,5)
 Example 6

Diagram below shows part of the curve

y=x2+1.MN is a straight line.Find the
area of the shaded region.
y
y=x2+1

M(1,2)

1
N
X
0 6
Area of the shaded region
=A under a curve +A of triangle
1
1

2
 (x  1)dx  (6  1)(2)
0
2

 
x3
3

1
x 0 5
4
 5
3
19
 unit2
3
 Example 7
TRIAL JOHOR 2008
Diagram shows part of the curve y = 9 – x2 .The straight line
intersects the y-axis at (0, k) and intersects the x-axis at ( 6, 0 ).
y
(0, k)

y=9- x2

0 6 X
Given that the area of the shaded region is 12 unit2 .
Find the value of k.
 1
Area of triangle   k  6
2
 3k
Finding roots of curve :
9  x2  0
x  3
3
Area under the curve   9  x 2 dx
0
3
 x  3
 9 x  
 3 0
 18
 Area of shaded region :
3k  18  12
k  10.
-Chong Pak
Cheong-
Page : 205 - 207

Questions: 15 - 25
Question: If you have a cylinder with
a radius "z" and a height of "a", then
what is the volume?
VOLUME OF REVOLUTIONS
USING
DEFINITE INTEGRAL
 Volume of solid generated when a
shaded region revolves 3600 about
Y the x-axis

b
a b
X
V  π y 2 dx
a
 Example 1

Find the volume of solid generated when the

shaded region revolves 3600 about x-axis.
Y

y = 5 - x2

0 X
2
 2


V  y 2 dx
0

V    5  x  dx
2
2 2

 25  10 x 
2
V  2
 x 4 dx
0
2
 10 x x 3 5
V   25 x   
 3 5 0
 10(0) 3 0  
5
10(2) 3 (2) 5
V   (25(2)   )  (25(0)   )
 3 5 3 5 
 446 
V   0
 15 
446
V unit3
15
 Example 2

Find the volume of solid generated when the

shaded region revolves 3600 about x-axis.
Y
y = 4x2

X
1 2
0
 2
V   dx
 2
y
1

 4 x  dx
2
V  2 2

 16 x dx
2
V  4

1
2
16 x  5
V  
 5 1
 16( 2) 5 16(1) 5 
V   ( )( )
 5 5 
496
V  unit3
5
Volume of solid generated when a
shaded region revolves 3600 about
the y-axis
Y

b b
V πx2 dy
a
a
X
 Example 3

Find the volume of solid generated when the

shaded region revolves 3600 about y-axis.
Y
y = x2 + 2
6

0 X
when
x  0, y  2

6
V   dy
 2
x
2
6
V    y  2 dy
2
6
 y2 
V   2 y
 2 2
 ( 6) 2 ( 2) 2 
V   (  2(6))  (  2( 2))
 2 2 
V   6  ( 2) 
V  8unit3
 Example 4

Find the volume of solid generated when the

shaded region revolves 3600 about y-axis.
Y
x = y2 -2y

X
0
when
x  0, y  0,2

2
V   x 2 dy
1

 
2
V    y 2  2 y dy
2


V   ( y4  4 y3  4 y 2 ) 1
2

2
 y 4y 
5 3
V   (  y 4  
 5 3 1
 (2) 5 4(2) 3 (1) 5 4(1) 3 
V   (  (2) 
4
)(  (1) 
4
)
 5 3 5 3 
16 8 
V   
15 15 
8
V  unit 3
15
 Example 5
Diagram below shows the curve y=16-x2 and the
straight line y=6x.
a) Find the coordinates of P
b) Find the volume of solid generated when the shaded region is
revolved 3600 about y-axis

Y
P y=6x

K
y=16-x2

X
0
a ) y  16  x 2 16

when 
V  x 2 dy  Vcone
12
x  0, y  16
16
 P (0,16 ) 1

V   (16  y )dy  r 2 h
12
3
b )6 x  16  x 2 16
 y2  1 
x 2  6 x  16  0 V   16 y      (2) 2 (12)
 2 12  3 
( x  2)( x  8)  0
x  2, x  8  (16) 2 (12) 2   1 
V   (16(16)  )  (16(12)  )   (48 )
x  2  2 2  3 
when V   128  120   16 
x  2, y  12
 K ( 2,12 )
V  24unit3
 Example 6
Diagram below shows the area bounded by the line x+y=7, the
curve y=x-(4/x), the x-axis and the y-axis.
a) Find the coordinates of A and B.
b) If the area is rotated through 3600 about the x-axis, find
the volume generated

Y
x+y=7
Y=x-(4/x)
A

B X
0
a ) A(4,3)andB(2,0)

296
b) unit 3
3
-Chong Pak
Cheong-
Page : 207 - 208

Questions: 26 - 29