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Thirteenth Edition
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Introduction
Motivation…
• Takes place within a
culture and social system
• Role
• Status
5-2
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
A Model of Motivation
Potential Performance = Ability × Motivation (willingness)
Environment Opportunity
Needs &
Tension Effort Performance Rewards
Drives
Goals &
Ability
incentives
Need satisfaction
5-3
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
Psychological Contract
Discuss:
What is the psychological contract between
Students and teachers?
Husbands and wives?
Leaders and team members?
direction
level of
and focus of persistence
effort
behavior
positive - a
person is
continual high
dependable, high
effort
creative,
helpful, timely
Negative –late,
absent, does just gives up, works
withdraws, low enough sometimes
performanc
Achievement
Affiliation
Power
5-8
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
Achievement Motivation
5-10
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
Power Motivation
• Positive or negative
• organization or personal
5-11
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
Managers can Apply the Drives
•Observe employee
behavior to determine how
employees respond
•Identify strongest
motivational drive
5-13
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
Human Needs
5-14
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-Actualization
Esteem and Status
Belonging and Social
Safety and Security
Physiological
5-15
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
5-16
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Model
Motivational Factors
• Work itself, achievement, possibility of growth
• Advancement, recognition
Maintenance Factors
• Working conditions, pay
• Status
• Relations with supervisors, peers, subordinates
• Quality of supervision
• Company policy and administration
• Job security
5-17
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Model
Effects of Maintenance and Motivational Factors
5-18
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
Behavior modification - Law of Effect
Conditions
• Consequences must make sense
• Person must see connection between behavior
and consequences
5-19
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
Four Consequences of OB Mod
Positive
Application Punishment
reinforcement
Manager’s use
Negative
Withdrawal Extinction
reinforcement
Negative Positive
Nature of consequence
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011 5-20
VROOM - The Expectancy Model
Strong Strong
Indifference preference
avoidance
Valence
-1 0 +1
Expectancy 0 +1
5-22
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
Motivation
Uncertainty
• Strengthens the value of the
reward
5-23
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
Online quizzes –
– Expectancy
– Instrumentality
– Valence
Project
– Expectancy
– Instrumentality
– Valence
People…
• Observe one another
• Judge one another
• Make comparisons
Rewards Must seem to be “Fair”
5-25
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
Equity Model
Person's Person's
Inputs Outcomes
effort rewards
job difficulty
fun at work
education pay
People
• Have different perceptions
• Work within several social systems
• May have multiple reference groups
• Have shifting standards
• Have an upward orientation
• Have personal egos
• Are subject to equity sensitivity
• Need to see equal process
5-27
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
Equity Theory
Is it equitable? Explain?
5-29
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011
Social Values and work ethic
work ethic • work is important and a goal in life
Attitude:
Job satisfaction:
feelings and emotions with which people view work
or studies
John Newstrom Organizational Behavior 13th edition mcc 2011