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DEFINITION OF NEEDS
• Berwick (1989:52) suggests a basic definition of
need: a need is a “gap or measurable
discrepancy between a current state of affairs
and a desired future state.”
WHAT IS NEEDS ANALYSIS?
“…systematic collection and analysis of all subjective
and objective information necessary to define and
validate defensible curriculum processes that satisfy
the language learning requirements of students within
the context of particular institutions that influence
the learning and teaching situation.”
–Brown, 1995, p. 36
CLASSIFICATION OF NEEDS
Needs
Target Learning
Needs Needs
What the learner needed to What the learner needed
do in the target situation to do in order to learn
•Brown, 1995
What type of
Who will be Which viewpoint
information should
involved? should be taken?
be gathered?
2. INFORMATION GATHERING
• While the first and second steps are the data-collection stages of a
needs analysis procedure, the third step is a process of analyzing
and evaluating data, setting a goal and proposing base syllabus
contents. Data obtained from the steps one and two above shall be
analyzed and ideas and suggestions on how to fill the gap shall be
raised.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
• Learners
• People working in the field/study
• Ex-students
• Documents in the field
• Existing records
• Stakeholders
• ESP research
• Teachers and Administrators
• Native speakers in the target context
INSTRUMENTS USED IN DATA
COLLECTION
• Questionnaires
• Discourse Analysis
• Discussions
• Structured interviews
• Observations
• Assessment
• Meetings
THANK YOU!
S O U R C E S :
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