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Overview
CDMA Basics
C ode
CDMA is extremely robust and
provides excellent audio quality
M ultiple
• CDMA satisfies CTIA Users’
Performance Requirements
• CDMA provides high capacity
(many times the capacity of
A ccess
AMPS)
• CDMA provides privacy through
its coding scheme
T1s T1 or E1s
DMS-MTX BTS
•• Mobile
MobileTelephone
TelephoneExchange
Exchange(MTX)
(MTX)provides
providescall
callprocessing
processingfunctions
functionsforfor
AMPS/TDMA/CDPD/CDMA cellular
AMPS/TDMA/CDPD/CDMA cellular systems systems
•• Base
BaseStation
StationManager
Manager(BSM)
(BSM)provides
providesaaGraphical
GraphicalUser
UserInterface
Interface(GUI)
(GUI)for
for
operations,
operations,administration
administrationand
andmaintenance
maintenanceofofthetheBSC,
BSC,BTS
BTSand anditself
itself
•• Base
BaseStation
StationController
Controller(BSC)
(BSC)provides
providesdata
datarouting,
routing,voice
voicecoding
coding
and some hand-off functions
and some hand-off functions
•• Base
BaseStation
StationTransceiver
TransceiverSubsystem
Subsystem(BTS)
(BTS)provides
providesthetheRF
RFlink
link
to
tothe
thesubscriber
subscriber
•• MTX,
MTX,BSC
BSCandandBSM
BSMareareidentical
identicalfor
for800
800and
and1900
1900MHz
MHzproducts
products
MA T
HAM H Power is “Spread” Over a Larger Bandwidth
ME R
MATH
HAMMER
30 KHz
1.25 MHz
UNWANTED POWER
FROM OTHER SOURCES
Spreading Spreading
Sequence Sequence
Shipping Receiving
FedEx
FedEx
Data Mailer Mailer Data
Input Recovered
Data Data
X X
#59
#23 #23
#23 #23 –(#23)
PARALLEL
PARALLEL ORTHOGONAL
ORTHOGONAL ANTI-PARALLEL
ANTI-PARALLEL
XOR:
XOR: all
all0s
0s XOR:
XOR: half
half0s,
0s,half
half1s
1s XOR:
XOR: all
all1s
1s
Correlation:
Correlation:100%
100% Correlation:
Correlation:0%
0% Correlation:
Correlation:–100%
–100%
(100%
(100%match)
match) (50%
(50%match,
match,50%
50%no-match)
no-match) (100%
(100%no-match)
no-match)
SUM
=
User Long Code
Sequence
Modulo-2 Addition (@1.2288 MCPS)
• Each mobile station uses a unique User Long Code Sequence generated by applying
a mask, based on its 32-bit ESN, to the 42-bit Long Code Generator which was
synchronized with the CDMA system during the mobile station initialization
• Generated at 1.2288 Mcps, this sequence requires 41 days, 10 hours, 12 minutes and
19.4 seconds to complete
• Portions of the Users Long Codes generated by different mobile stations for the
duration of a call are not exactly orthogonal but are sufficiently different to permit
reliable decoding on the reverse link
Pilot
Sync
FW Traffic FW Traffic
(for user #1) (for user #2)
Paging
FW Traffic
(for user #3)
Up to 64 Up to 64
Code Channels Code Channels
A B
■ A mobile Station is surrounded by Base Stations, all of them transmitting on
the same CDMA Frequency
■ Each Sector in each Base Station is transmitting a CDMA Forward Traffic
Channel containing up to 64 distinct forward code channels
■ A Mobile Station must be able to discriminate between different Sectors of
different Base Stations and listen to only one set of code channels
■ Two binary digit sequences called the I and Q Short PN Sequences (or
Short PN Codes) are defined for the purpose of identifying sectors of
different base stations
■ These Short PN Sequences can be used in 512 different ways in a CDMA
system. Each one of them constitutes a mathematical code which can be
used to identify a particular sector of a particular base station