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This document discusses conjunctive adverbs and how they are used to connect independent clauses. It provides examples of commonly used conjunctive adverbs such as however, therefore, furthermore and moreover. It explains that conjunctive adverbs indicate the relationship between clauses, such as contrast, cause and effect, or addition. The document also discusses punctuation rules for using conjunctive adverbs, noting that a semicolon or comma is used depending on whether the adverb begins, ends, or is in the middle of the clause. Examples are provided to illustrate correct usage.
This document discusses conjunctive adverbs and how they are used to connect independent clauses. It provides examples of commonly used conjunctive adverbs such as however, therefore, furthermore and moreover. It explains that conjunctive adverbs indicate the relationship between clauses, such as contrast, cause and effect, or addition. The document also discusses punctuation rules for using conjunctive adverbs, noting that a semicolon or comma is used depending on whether the adverb begins, ends, or is in the middle of the clause. Examples are provided to illustrate correct usage.
This document discusses conjunctive adverbs and how they are used to connect independent clauses. It provides examples of commonly used conjunctive adverbs such as however, therefore, furthermore and moreover. It explains that conjunctive adverbs indicate the relationship between clauses, such as contrast, cause and effect, or addition. The document also discusses punctuation rules for using conjunctive adverbs, noting that a semicolon or comma is used depending on whether the adverb begins, ends, or is in the middle of the clause. Examples are provided to illustrate correct usage.
It has rained for two weeks; consequently, the lake level is high. However
The conjunctive adverb however is similar to but:
both words set up a contrast. Compare … She was beautiful, popular, and intelligent, but it seems that she had low self-esteem.
She was beautiful, popular, and intelligent;
however, it seems that she had low self-esteem.
Which sounds more formal?
Notice that a semicolon comes before the conjunctive adverb and a comma comes after it. Therefore
The conjunctive adverb therefore is similar to so:
both words show cause and effect. Compare . . . It is impossible to predict exactly where a tornado will unleash its fury, so all warnings must be taken seriously.
It is impossible to predict exactly where a
tornado will unleash its fury; therefore, all warnings must be taken seriously.
Like other conjunctive adverbs, therefore
sounds more formal. It also is preceded by a semicolon and followed by a comma. Using conjunctive adverbs Furthermore and moreover
The conjunctive adverbs furthermore and
moreover are similar to and: all three words indicate addition. Many neuroscientists believe that one’s capacity for learning another language diminishes with age; moreover, furthermore,thethe early early elementary years are the most opportune time for language learning.
Furthermore and moreover are commonly used in
argumentation to connect multiple lines of reasoning. Placement
Although conjunctive adverbs often come at the
beginning of an independent clause, they can also appear in the middle or at the end. Other members of the committee objected to the solution; Beginning However, the plan was fine with me.
Middle The plan, however, was fine with me.
End The plan was fine with me, however.
Notice that when a conjunctive adverb appears in the
middle, commas come before and after it. At the end of a clause, a comma comes before the conjunctive adverb. Using conjunctive adverbs
Relate the ideas as indicated in
parentheses.
1. This bush is native to the desert; it needs
less water. (cause and effect)
2. We had hoped to see the antique cars; they
had already passed by. (contrast)
3. Turning the storage room into a lounge would
give students a place to study; a lounge would be a better use of space. (addition) Using conjunctive adverbs
Connect each pair of independent clauses
by adding a conjunctive adverb. Relate the ideas as indicated in parentheses. Be sure to use correct punctuation. 1. This bush is native to the desert; therefore, it needs less water. (cause and effect) [possible answer]
The conjunctive adverb therefore shows cause
and effect. A comma follows it to set it off at the beginning of the clause. Using conjunctive adverbs
Connect each pair of independent clauses
by adding a conjunctive adverb. Relate the ideas as indicated in parentheses. Be sure to use correct punctuation. 2. We had hoped to see the antique cars; they had already passed by, however. (contrast) [possible answer]
The conjunctive adverb however contrasts ideas.
A comma is placed before it to set it off at the end of the sentence. Using conjunctive adverbs
Connect each pair of independent clauses
by adding a conjunctive adverb. Relate the ideas as indicated in parentheses. Be sure to use correct punctuation. 3. Turning the storage room into a lounge would give students a place to study; a lounge, moreover, would be a better use of space. (addition) [possible answer]
The conjunctive adverb moreover shows
addition. Commas are used both before and after it to set it off in the middle of the clause. The End