K3 Rumah Sakit

A.M.Fadhil Hayat

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Rumah Sakit
 Salah satu tempat bagi masy utk mendptkan
pengobatan & pemeliharaan kes dg bbg fasilitas
& peralatan kes
 Sbg tempat kerja yg unik & kompleks tdk saja
menyediakan pelayanan kes bagi masy, tetapi
juga mrp tempat pendidikan & penelitian
kedokteran
 Apabila tdk dikelola dg baik, segala fasilitas &
peralatannya dpt menjadi sumber bahaya keslmt
& kes yg potensial, t.u. bagi petugas kes

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Masalah K3 RS di USA
 Bagian maintenance: solvent, asbestos, listrik, bising,
panas
 Bagian cleaning service: deterjen, desinfektan, jarum
suntik, dll.
 Bagian katering: terpotong jari, tertusuk, luka bakar,
terpeleset, keletihan, stress kerja dll.
 Teknisi radiologi: radiasi sinar X, radioaktif isotop, dll.
 Perawat: back injuries, zat kimia beracun, radiasi,
stress akibat shift kerja
 Petugas ruang operasi: masalah reproduksi akibat gas
anestesi, tertusuk, radiasi, dll.

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Kasus kronis & akut pd pekerja RS
 Hipertensi
 Varicus veins
 Anemia
 Gangguan ginjal
 Eksim, dermatitis
 Low back injuries
 Gangguan saluran pernapasan
 Gangguan saluran percernaan

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Potensi bahaya di RS
 Pemaparan radiasi
 Bahan kimia toksik
 Bahaya biologis
 Temperatur ekstrim
 Kebisingan
 Debu
 Stress, dll.

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Tipe hazards di RS
 Physical exertion
 Fire & natural disaster
 Compressed gas
 Flammable & combustable liquids,
vapors, gases
 Electrical equipments

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Tempat kerja risiko tinggi di
RS
 Central supply  Print shops
 Food service  Patient care areas
 Housekeeping (nursing service)
 Laundry  Pharmacy
 Maintenance  Laboratories
engineering  Surgical service
 Office area  Temporary personal

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Tempat kerja risiko tinggi di
RSLocation Type of hazards
Central supply Sterilization equipment; sharp objects
(blade, needles, knive); material handling;
soaps, detergent, cleaning solution
Food services Handling material; walking on wet & greasy
floor; faulty equipment: stove hoods; fire
extinguiser syst, kitchen equipment; knives,
hot utensils; chemical & physical agent,
ammonia, chlorine, drain cleaners; ambient
heat; microwave radiation;oven cleaners,
soaps & detergent, cautic solution

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 Location Type of hazards
Housekeeping X-ray; radioisotops; material handling; chemical
& physical agent, soaps, detergent, solvents,
cleaners, disinfectants, bacteria & viruses

Laundry Floor, soiled linens, soaps & detergent, high

temp, heat stress, lifting & material handling
Maintenance Drive belts, tools, blade, electrical equipment,
engineering extention cords, electrical switches, metal
ladders, battery-charging; gasoline, diesel-
powered equipment; paint, solvent, hand tool,
fuel, cylinders; trash compactors, compressor,
chemical & physical agent; asbestos, ammonia,
CO, noise, pesticides, waste anesthetic gases,
ethylene oxide, welding fume

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 Location Type of hazards
Office area Electrical equipment, carpets, paper & office
material, video display terminal
Print shops Flammable liquids, ventilation, cutters, printing
equipment, noise
Patient care areas Physical exertion, needles & sharp instruments,
obstacle & broken objects, electrical equipment,
chemical, antineoplastic drug

Laboratories Equipment, microorganisms, allergic

sensitization, chemicals, physical stress,
laboratory animals, emotional stress
Surgical service Anesthetic gases, flammable anesthetic,
Compressed gas, scavenging

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Bahaya Kecelakaan Kerja di RS
 Ketel uap
 Kebakaran
 Bahan radioaktif
 Cedera pd punggung krn mengangkat
pasien
 Pekerjaan menyuntik
 Terpeleset/terjatuh

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Penyakit Akibat Kerja di RS
 Faktor biologik (kuman patogen dari pasien)
 Faktor kimia (antiseptik pd kulit, gas anatesi, dll.)
 Faktor ergonomik (cara duduk yg salah, cara
mengangkat pasien yg salah, dll.)
 Faktor fisik dlm dosis kecil & terus menerus (panas
pd kulit, radiasi pd sistem reproduksi/darah)
 Faktor psikososial (ketegangan di kamar bedah,
penerimaan pasien gawat darurat, bangsal penyakit
jiwa, dll.)

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