WP2 / D4 : Damped Composites

Modelling
The main objective of this work package is to investigate,
upgrade and propose new models for linear and non linear
vibration of damped (viscoelastic) sandwich and
multilayered composite structures.

Task 2.1: Modeling of multilayered composites with viscoelastic layers

Task 2.2: Non linear vibrations of damped sandwich and laminated
composites
Task 2.3: Models validations
 T2.1- Modeling of multilayered composites with
viscoelastic layers

Efficient analytical models and computational methods

(finite element techniques) for damped composites with
viscoelastic layer.

Review and assessments of various kinematic models for sandwich

structures
Non Linear multiscale modelling of sandwich structures modeling.
Finite element frequency-dependent dynamic analysis of viscoelastic
composite structures.
A shell finite element of three layered sandwich structures and laminated
composites with viscoelastic layers.
 Equivalent Single-Layer (ESL) models
Review and assessment

ESL models
 Zigzag models

IC-ZZT models
Review and assessment

ID-ZZT models
 Validations tests
F

 Global criterion
Review and assessment

It depends mainly on the global stiffness

 P1: Deflection
 P2: Shear stress
 P3: Normal stress

 Core criterion
It depends mainly on the core’s stiffness

 P4: First natural frequency

 P5: First loss factor ratio
 Results
Review and assessment

Misfit: Maximum relative error is more than 10%.

Good: Maximum relative error is less than 10%.
Very good: Maximum relative error is less than 5%.
Excellent: Maximum relative error is less than 1%.
 Arlequin multiscale modelling

Element 2D (Q8)
multi-scale modelling

Element 1D (Hermite)

K1 0 C1T

0 K2 C2T

C1 C2 0
Arlequin method (H. Ben Dhia 1998)
 2D-1D coupling in sandwich structures (3)

1D (zig-zag)-2D coupling

2D element
1D zigzag element Displacement
multi-scale modelling

Deformation Shear stress

 2D-2D coupling
2D coarse elements Deformation
(Incompatible mesh)
multi-scale modelling

2D refine elements

Deformation
(Compatible mesh)
Shear stress
 2D-2D coupling
2D coarse elements
multi-scale modelling

2D refine elements
 1D (sandwich)-2D coupling
1D sandwich elements
multi-scale modelling

2D elements
Reason of the inaccuracy in 2D-1D non linear coupling

Details
1D sandwich elements
multi-scale modelling

-3

0.5
x 10 2D elements
0
thickness variation

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

-2.5

-3
0 L/2 L
 Viscoelastic frequency-dependent
damping model
Damping material LD-400
FE frequency-dependent dynamic

0
6 10 0
23.9 C
10 0
-3.9 C 0
51.7 C

Loss factor 
0
G*1.45*10 , Pa

5
-3.9 C
Shear module

10 0
23.9 C
-4

-1
4 0 10 0
10 51.7 C 93.3 C
0
3 93.3 C
10
analysis

-2
2 10
10 1 2 3 4
1
10 10
2
10
3
10
4 10 10 10 10
Frequency f, Hz
Frequency f, Hz

*
E xc ( ) , E *yc ( ) , Gxyc
*
( ) , G xzc
*
( ) , G *yzc ( )

 0  E *   0  E  1  i   0
E ( )
 ( ) 
E ( )
 The used Sandwich finite element model
Z, 3

w
1
FE frequency-dependent dynamic

z(w) 2
u03
x3
D hi
x1
u01 
x2 C x u X
u02

B h zzn0 b
O
A
L
D
h3
analysis

w0

C
Displacement continuity conditions
h1/2 h1/2 h2

B between the layers:

O x(u)
A
u (1)  u ( 2 ) , u ( 2 )  u ( 3)
z  z1 z  z2

First-order shear deformation theory

including rotation around the normal:
v (1)  v ( 2 ) , v ( 2 )  v ( 3)
z  z1 z  z2

u  u0  z x , v  v0  z y , w  w0
w(1)  w( 2 ) , w( 2 )  w( 3)
z  z1 z  z2
 Finite element dynamic analysis

MX  K ( ) X  F(t )
 * * *
FE frequency-dependent dynamic

K * ( )  K ( )  iK( )

Free vibration analyses

K ( )   MX = 0
analysis

Method of complex eigenvalues * *2 *

Energy method K( )   MX  0

2

Frequency response analysis K ( )   M X

* 2 *
F

Transient response analysis  *  K * ( ) X*  F(t )

MX
 Experimental dynamic analysis

Suspension strings
FE frequency-dependent dynamic

Impact location

Impulse hammer
Accelerometer
analysis

ISI-SYS laser vibrograph

Current amplifiers
POLYTEC laser vibrometer

Data acquisition and PC + MATLAB

anti-aliasing board
 30

Shear modulus G, MPa

25

Experimental dynamic analysis

20

15

10

5
FE frequency-dependent dynamic

0
F  F(t ) F  F eit 0 500 1000 1500 2000
Frequency f, Hz
2

h1 h2 h3
1.5

Loss factor 
1
analysis

b 0.5

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Frequency f, Hz

Eigenfrequencies fn, Hz Loss factors n

Modes n 1 2 3 1 2 3
Free vibration analysis, 6.4 36.8 101.6 0.08 0.16 0.22
Energy method
Free vibration analysis, 6.5 37.8 106.3 0.07 0.13 0.17
Complex eigenvalues method
Frequency response analysis 6.5 37.3 102.1 0.06 0.14 0.17
 Shell finite element and Numerical
Algorithm for vibrations of viscoelastic
structures

A triangular sandwich finite element

8 d.o.f / node
A shell finite element of three
layered sandwich structures

Longitudinal displacements of faces, rotations and deflection

z

elastic he1
viscoelastic hv
elastic
x
he2

Classical laminate, Kirchhoff assumptions in the faces,

Reissner/Mindlin theory in the core, No slips occurs at the interfaces,
All points of the elastic layers on a normal have the same rotations
 Algorithms for complex eigenvalue
problem

([K ()] - 2 [M]) [U] = 0

Numerical Algorithm for vibrations

U :complex eigenmode
2   2 (1  i)
of viscoelastic structures

2 :complex eigenvalue

-QR method - Constant complex modulus

- Low damping
-Asymptotic approach (Ma et He 1992)
-Iterative algorithm (Chen et al. 1999)

The new proposed Algorithm: Continuation algorithm is

based on homototy technique and ANM method.
 Validation (with a simple viscoelasticity model)
Numerical Algorithm for vibrations
of viscoelastic structures

Free vibrations 4 first bending modes

Damped vibrations, =1 4 first bending modes

Abaqus simulation uses volume elements and MSEC.

Eve simulation using our shell element + ANM.

 Task 2.2- Non linear vibrations of damped
sandwich and laminated composites

Development of analytical and numerical methods to investigate non-

linear vibration analysis of damped sandwich structures, particularly for
complex geometries (i.e. arch, ring…) and to the dynamic analyses (free
vibration, frequency and time response analyses) of structures made
from frequency and temperature dependent viscoelastic materials.

… Simplified approach for the non linear vibration of sandwich

structures
 … Non-linear vibrations of sandwich ring
… Analysis with Abaqus FE code for damped sandwich beams
…
 Simplified approach for the non linear vibration
of sandwich structure
Non linear geometrical effect
Non linear vibrations of damped sandwich

Non linear vibration

Harmonic balance method Frequency amplitude equation

Galerkin method
Determined by solving simple problems
Piezoelectric
Elastic
Elastic layer
Viscoelastic
Piezoelectric
Elastic
- non linear geometrical effect
- non linear geometrical effect
- piezoelectric effect
- viscoelastic effect
 Assumptions and limits
Non linear vibrations of damped sandwich

 Assumptions
 The approximate deflection is harmonic in time
 The approximate deflection is parralel to single mode in space
 The approximate solution has a complex amplitude to be defined
 We neglect the axial inertia term
 Limits
 Periodic responses
 Transverse harmonic excitations and Free vibrations
 The frequencies are near the resonance ones

K ( ) A  K nl ( ) A A   MA  F 2 2
 y

u
Non linear vibrations sandwich ring R 1
R 1
q
u
Non linear vibrations of damped sandwich

2x
2R
3

a(K l   M)  a a K nl  F
2 2

30 30
v = 0.25 F=20

W W
/h v = 0.5
/
h
20
20
F=10

v = 0.8 F=5

10
10 F=0

F=0

0
0 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2
0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 nl/
nl/ n
n

Variation of the non linear response with Non linear response for various load
the material loss factor amplitude
 Analysis with Abaqus FE code
Non linear vibrations of damped sandwich

A new sandwich beam element has been developed to compute

non-linear forced vibrations of viscoelastically damped sandwich
beams

Non-linear terms

A UEL subroutine have been written

The Riks method is used to compute unstable paths
 Analysis with Abaqus FE code
Non linear vibrations of damped sandwich

0.9
Linear
0.8
Non-linear
- Comparison with results of fully non-linear
0.7 direct-integration dynamic analyses
0.6 (2D model and use of the Hilbert-Hughes-Taylor
0.5 integration scheme)
w /h

0.4

0.3

0.2 Q=70 N/mm

0.9
0.1
Q=55 N/mm
0.8 New sandwich beam element
0
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 0.7 Direct-integration dynamic
Frequency (Hz) analyses
0.6

0.5
w /h
Theses results allow to validate both the beam 0.4

kinematics assumptions and the harmonic 0.3

balance approximations 0.2

0.1

0
100 120 140 160 180 200
Frequency (Hz)
T2.3 Models Validations

0.8 mm
0.254 mm
50 mm 1.2 mm

300 mm

z
x
Uxs,Uys,Uxa,Uya

W, Rx , Ry, Rz
 Experimental validations

Geometrical parameters Materials:

•aluminium 2024 T6
EADS sandwich beam

BEAM1 BEAM2
h1=0.0012 m h1=0.0012 m E=64 GPa, υ=0.32, ρ=2695·Ns2/m4
h2=0.0001016 m h2=0.000254 m
h3=0.0008 m h3=0.0008 m •3M viscoelastic damping polymer
b=0.05 m b=0.05 m ISD-112, υ=0.49, ρ=1300·Ns2/m4
L=0.3 m L=0.3 m

Material Beam 1
Top layer Alu 2024 T6 0.8 mm
Core ISD 112 4 mil =
0.1016 mm
Bottom layer Alu 2024 T6 1.2 mm
 Experimental validations

Modal frequencies, Damping ratios, FRF

EADS sandwich beam

Frequency(HZ) Modal Damping(%)

mode eve EADS abaqus eve EADS abaqus

1 10,2 15 10 6,43% 22,00% 6,50%

2 57,6 86 58 9,35% 32,00% 8,20%

3 163,2 227 160 8,35% 34,00% 7,50%

4 318 419 324 2,65% 38,00% 2,73%

5 521,2 663 529,2 1,92% 34,00% 2,08%

6 792 983 786 1,88% 28,00% 1,85%

 Experimental validations: Dynamic characteristics:
EADS sandwich beam

BEAM1, BC1 BEAM2, BC2

 Dynamic characteristics:

CEM: BEAM2, BC1, n

Mode EADS 20oC 30oC 20oC 30oC
n experiment G G 100G 100G
EADS sandwich beam

1 0.22 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.03

2 0.32 0.008 0.03 0.11 0.13
3 0.34 0.003 0.02 0.10 0.20
4 0.38 0.002 0.01 0.08 0.25
5 0.34 0.001 0.01 0.06 0.28
6 0.28 0.0007 0.01 0.05 0.28
7 0.24 0.0005 0.01 0.04 0.28
8 - 0.0004 0.01 0.03 0.28
9 - 0.0003 0.005 0.03 -

BEAM2, BC1
 Dissemination

- 7 Papers submitted to International dedicated journals

- 10 participation to national and International conferences
- Details are in the annual reports

Thanks …!
 Conclusion

….