RESOURCE

ASSESSMENT
{ PETROLEUM : OIL
 “BLACK GOLD”
What propelled the advancement of the
industrial revolution to where we are is the
discovery of oil. Oil powered the 20th
century and built the modern world.
In this session, we will talk about:

1. EXPLORATION
2. EXTRACTION
3. TRANSPORTATION
4. HANDLING
5. STORAGE
The life of an oil or gas field can be subdivided
into the following phases:
• Presence of hydrocarbon?
• Geological data for evaluation
Exploration • Collection
Productionofpotential?
more geologic data.
• Proposal of a Field Development Plan
Appraisal • Construction of development wells and
production facilities.
Development

• Maintenance of development wells and

production facilities
Maintenance

• Abandoning of well and production facilities

Abandonment
GEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION
FOR OIL RESERVOIR

Source: Tiab, D and Donaldson, E. (2015). Petrophysics (4th ed). Gulf

Professional Publishing
 A trap that acts as a barrier
to fluid flow

A porous and permeable

bed or reservoir rock

Source: Crain, E.R. Crain’s Petrophysical Handbook. Retrieved from https://www.spec2000.net/08-mud.htm.

Retrieved on August 22, 2017
 CONVENTIONAL OIL

Anticlinal Trap Fault Trap

Source:
http://mpgpetroleum.com/fun
Stratigraphic Trap damentals.html#Petroleum
Traps
UNCONVENTIONAL OIL

Source:
http://mpgpetroleum.com/fun
damentals.html#Petroleum
Traps
 GEOPHYSICAL METHODS FOR
PETROLEUM EXPLORATION
Method Measured Parameter “Operative” Physical
Property
Spatial variations in the Density
Gravity strength of the
gravitational field of the
earth.
Spatial variations in the Magnetic susceptibility
Magnetic strength of geomagnetic and remanence
field
Response to Electric
Electromagnetic electromagnetic conductivity/resistivity
radiation and inductance
Travel times of Seismic velocity
Seismic reflected/refracted
seismic waves
EXPLORATION WELL
Source: Herriot-Watt
University, Drilling
Engineering
 100 ft.

2000 ft.
6000 ft.

DRILLING BITS
Source:
Herriot-Watt University, Drilling Engineering
http://www.hugecare.pk/oil-gas/
 Sample Mud Log from early 1980’s

Source: Crain, E.R. Crain’s Petrophysical Handbook. Retrieved from https://www.spec2000.net/08-mud.htm.

Retrieved on August 22, 2017
 SAMPLE WELL LOGGINGS

Electric Survey Log Density Log

Gamma Ray Log
Source: Crain, E.R. Crain’s Petrophysical Handbook. Retrieved from https://www.spec2000.net/08-mud.htm.
Retrieved on August 22, 2017
OFFSHORE
DRILLING RIGS
The Society of Petroleum Engineering
classifies a certain reservoir into three.

a.) Proved Reserves

b.) Probable Reserves
c.) Possible Reserve
UNCONVENTIONAL OIL

Source:
https://seekingalpha.co
m/article/229912-oil-
shale-the-next-wave-
of-domestic-
production-in-the-
united-states
OIL SHALE MINING

OIL SHALE FRACKING

Source:
http://techhydra.com/te
ch-news/energy/shale-
energy-hydraulic-
fracking-work/

http://www.midcoastgr
eencollaborative.org/ar
ticles/shale_oil.html
 EXTRACTION
Hydrocarbon recovery is classified into three
depending on the method of production or the
time at which they are obtained.

1.) Primary oil recovery

2.) Secondary oil recovery
3.) Tertiary (enhanced) oil recovery
 OIL RECOVERY MECHANISMS

Oil recovery is happens by natural drive, also

known as primary recovery, or assisted
through artificial drive mechanisms.
NATURAL DRIVE MECHANISM

1.) Rock and liquid expansion drive

2.) Depletion drive
3.) Gas-cap drive
4.) Water drive
5.) Gravity drainage drive
6.) Combination drive
 ARTIFICIAL DRIVE
MECHANISM
1.) Steam injection
2.) In situ combustion
3.) Microwave heating down hole
4.) Hot water injection
5.) Others.
OIL SHALE MINING

OIL SHALE FRACKING

Source:
http://techhydra.com/te
ch-news/energy/shale-
energy-hydraulic-
fracking-work/

http://www.midcoastgr
eencollaborative.org/ar
ticles/shale_oil.html
TRANSPORTATION
HANDLING & STORAGE
Crude oil, after or awaiting transporting, is
generally stored in storage tanks in
terminal facilities.

Source: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/oil-glut-a-lesson-in-supply-and-demand/article23481859/
Different crude oil storage tanks are used depending on its
usage following the specifications and designs provided by
the American Petroleum Institute (API).

1. Open Top Tanks

2. Fixed Roof Tanks
3. External/Internal Floating-Roof Tanks Atmospheric
4. Closed Floating-Roof Tanks Storage
5. Spherical Tanks Tanks
Underground Storage of Crude Oil.
Source: http://www.fairwaymidstream.com/images/salt-cavern.png
REFERENCES
Ahmed, T., Reservoir Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., Gulf Professional Publishing , 2010

Glover, P., “Formation Evaluation MSc Course Notes”.

Hussein K. Abdel-Aal, Petroleum Economics and Engineering, Third Edition.

Jan 2014 , 225 -242

Keary, P. & Brooks, M., An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration, Blackwell Scientific

Publication, 1991.

Herriot-Watt University. Drilling Engineering

Othman, M., Drilling for Oil and Gas [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from
https://www.uvm.edu/~gdrusche/Classes/.../Oil%20&%20Gas%20drilling.pptx

Peters, E.,. Petrophysics, The University of Texas Austin. (2007)

http://petrowiki.org/Oil_storage#Current_storage_options
정말 고맙습니다