OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION

Under Guidance of
Prof. M.A. Siddiqui

SHAIKH AFZAL AFSAR

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 1. OUR PROBLEM

• Our planet has become more and

• more in need for energy since
the demand is growing sharply
• With these increase we have to
focus on the energy resources
which are echo-friendly and not
to be pollutant
• And the OTEC is one of the
significant way to introduce new
type of renewable energy

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 2. WHAT IS OTEC?

• 70% of the earth surface is covered

by oceans and these makes them the
worlds largest solar panel to absorb
and stored the energy
• These oceans absorb the sun radiation
a day which is equal to the heat
content to about 250 billon barrels of
oil
• OTEC power systems operate as
cyclic heat engines.

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 3. HISTORY

• Attempts to develop and

refine OTEC technology
started in the 1880s. In 1881,
Jacques Arsened'Arsonval, a
French physicist, proposed
tapping the thermal energy of
the ocean.
• Georges Claude, built the first
OTEC plant, in Cuba in 1930.
The system generated 22 kW
of electricity with a low-
pressure turbine.

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 4. WORKING PRINCIPLE
• The OTEC system works on
the Rankin cycle by pumping
the warm surface water and
these is use as heat source for
boiling the fluid which has low
boiling point such as ammonia
• The steam expands and spins a
turbine which is coupled with
generator to produce electricity
• The cold water is pumped from
ocean depth through condenser
to condense the working fluid
and the cycle was repeated

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 5. CLOSED RANKINE CYCLE OVERVIEW

• 1-2 Power in to pressurize

liquid to higher pressure

• 2-3 Heat addition to evaporate

ammonia

• 3-4 Work produced from

expansion through turbine

• 4-1 Heat extraction to condense

the ammonia before pump

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 6. TYPES OF OTEC PLANT
1. LAND BASED
• These plants are made
onshore of seas which
consists of a building.
• These building contain the
heat exchangers, turbines,
generators and controls.
• It will connected to ocean via
several pipes, and enormous
fish farm by other pipes.
• The Makai OTEC plant is an
example of land based plant

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 OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY
2 OCEAN BASED:
• OTEC needs a structure which
can be commenced on the
ocean surface based on the
buoyancy principle is
expressed here as floating
plant.
• The main advantage of floating
power plant needs less piping.
• Also the heat loses comes in
warm surface water is reduces
and ultimately the efficiency of
plant will increases

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 7. LOCATION FOR OTEC

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 8. OTHER APPLICATIONS OF OTEC
Beyond the production of clean
power, the OTEC process also
provides several useful by-products
• Desalinated Water: A 1MW
OTEC plant can give 45cubic
meter of fresh water
• Air conditioning
• Chilled-soil agriculture
• Mineral extraction
• Aquaculture
• For making hydrogen, ammonia,
methanol, etc

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 9. ADVANTAGES
• OTEC uses clean, renewable, natural resources. Warm surface
seawater and cold water from the ocean depths replace fossil fuels to
produce electricity.
• Suitably designed OTEC plants will produce little or no carbon
dioxide or other polluting chemicals.
• OTEC systems can produce fresh water as well as electricity. This is
a significant advantage in island areas where fresh water is limited.
• There is enough solar energy received and stored in the warm tropical
ocean surface layer to provide most, if not all, of present human
energy needs.
• The use of OTEC as a source of electricity will help reduce the state's
almost complete dependence on imported fossil fuels

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 10. DISADVANTAGES
• OTEC-produced electricity at present would cost more than electricity
generated from fossil fuels at their current costs.

• No energy company will put money in this project because it only had
been tested in a very small scale.

• Construction of floating power plants is difficult.

• The working fluid is such as ammonia and chlorofluorocarbon is toxic

and harmful.

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 11. CONCLUSION

Although an OTEC is not only an unexhausted resource but also

an excellent alternative energy resource for being environmentally
friendly. Beyond these it has some major problems, the working fluid
use in OTEC such as ammonia is toxic and also harmful for marine life.
The solution for these is to use isobutene as working fluid which
is echo friendly in nature.

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 THANK YOU

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