Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1. What is an Organization and what is Management
2. Understanding Personnel Management & HRM functions
3. Comparison between Personnel Management and HRM
4. Manpower Planning and Job Analysis
5. Recruitment and Induction
6. Performance Appraisal
7. Training and Development
8. Compensation and Reward Management
9. Career Planning and Succession Planning
10. Work Motivation
11. Human Resources Information System (HRIS)
12. Quality of Work Life
13. Organizational Development
14. Management of Organizational Change
15. HRM Strategies for long-term growth
16. Productivity and HRM
:ooks to be Read for Human Resource Management
Main task of Management is getting things done through and with people
Main job of Management is Economic Performance:
The sub-functions of Management are:
1. Managing the :usiness
2. Managing Managers
3. Managing Worker and Work
4. Managing Time
Definition of Management:
³Management is the process of designing and maintaining an
environment in which individuals, working together in groups,
efficiently accomplish selected aims.´
Methods- Judgement-Ratios
Redeployment/Retraining/VRS
HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING
JO: ANALYSIS consists of three parts
Job Description
Job Specification
Job Classification
Job Evaluation
±
Job Analyst *
Employee Tasks
Supervisor * Duties
Tasks Responsibilities
Performance Standards &
Knowledge Required Recruitment
Skills Required Selection
Experience Needed Training & Devpt.
Job Context Performance Appraisal
Duties Compensation Mgt.
Equipment Used
Interviews *±
Observations Skill Requirements
Records Physical Demands
DOT Knowledge requirements
Abilities Needed
:ASES FOR JO: DESIGN
For the job, including tasks,
duties,and responsibilities
to be performed
±
±
±
HUMAN RESOURCES PLANNING
PERSONNEL RATIOS
Past experience has developed these ratios for recruiting a Cost
Accountant.
K
Term Short-term Long-term
Personnel Non-managers Managers
Process Technical & Philosophical &
Mechanical Theoretical
a
The Training Process involves:
1. Identification of performance opportunities and analysis of what
caused those opportunities to exist
2. Identification of alternative solutions to the opportunity and
selection of the most beneficial solution
3. Design and implementation of the solution
4. Evaluation of the results
Training provides employees with the knowledge and skills to
perform more effectively, preparing them to meet the inevitable
changes that occur in their jobs
Training is an ³opportunity´ for learning
Learning means a relatively permanent change in cognition
(i.e.understanding and thinking) that results from experience and
that directly affects behaviour.
Learning happens because of many factors including design and
implementation of training, the motivation and learning style of the
trainees, and the learning climate in the organization
a
Learning Objectives
±
+
Compilation
Automaticity
LEARNING
.)
Declarative Knowledge
K
Procedural Knowledge
Strategic Knowledge Affect/Feelings
!"
Who? Non-managerial Managerial
What? Technical & Theoretical
Mechanical Conceptual ideas
Why? Specific job General Knowledge
related purpose
When? Short-term Long-term
a
Purpose of Training:
1. To increase Productivity
2. To improve Quality
3. To improve Organizational Climate
4. To improve Health and Safety
5. Obsolescence Prevention
6. Personal Growth
Responsibility for Training
1. Top Management- frames training policy
2. Personnel Dept - plans, establishes and evaluates programmes
3. Supervisors - implement and apply development procedure
4. Employees - who provide feedback, revision and suggestions
!"
K
1. People remember only 10% of what they read
2. 20% of what they hear
3. 30% of what they see
4. 50% of what they see and hear
5. 70% of what they say
6. 90% of what they say as they perform the
task
N.:. In other words, people learn best and more by doing than by
µhearing¶.
!"
Training Methods and Techniques
Case Study
Role-Playing
Programmed
Instruction
a
-
1.
/
Apprenticeship
In-Plant Training
Craftsmanship Training
2. ±±
Role Playing
:usiness Game
In-:asket Training
3. %
Sensitivity Training-T-Group and L-Group
Transactional Analysis
a
0'1
2' ±
Incidents, Case Method/Case Studies
v' |
Practicing Specific Skills
Reading and Writing Assignments
Postal Tuition
Programmed Instruction
3'
Syndicate Method
Seminars , Conferences, Colloquium, Symposium
7. The Lecture Method
CAREER PLANNING
( :alancing Individual and Organizational Needs)
"
±
Current competencies Employee turnover
Future competencies Absenteeism
Market changes Talent pool
Mergers, etc. Outsourcing
Joint ventures Productivity
CAREER MANAGEMENT
Age/tenure Career stage
Family concerns Education & training
Spouse employment Promotion aspirations
Mobility Performance
Outside interests Potential
Current career path
|
CAREER PLANNING OF HR MANAGEMENT
VP-HR
Corp.HR
Dir.
Div.HR
Corp.HR Dir.
Manager
Asst. div
HR Dir.
Reg.HR
Plant
Manager
HR mgr
Asst. plt.
HR mgr.
Regl.HR HR
Associate Super.
HR
Associate
ALTERNATIVE CAREER MOVES
PROMOTION
EXIT
TRANSFER
DEMOTION
CAREER PLANNING
The basis of Career Planning is the Appraisal System which has two
basic objectives viz
(a) Control Mechanism (b) Development Mechanism
Appraisal has its linkages which are depicted in the following diagram
±K
Sales Incentives
Sales jobs require good deal of enthusiasm and drive in view of the
competitive nature of selling. Incentive plans must provide a source of
cooperation and trust particularly when employees are away from the
office and cannot be supervised closely and who have to exercise a high
degree of self-discipline
Sales people can be measured by the rupee value of their sales as also by
their ability to establish new accounts,promote new products or services
and provide various forms of customer service and assistance.
It may be noted that sales performance is affected by factors beyond their
control like economic and seasonal fluctuations, sales
competition,changes in demand and nature of sales territory etc.
Incentive Schemes ( contd.)
Types of Sales Incentive Plans
(a) Straight salary plan:Helps to devote more time to providing more
services and building up goodwill with customers without affecting
income. However, the limitation is that there is no motivation to
maximize sales effort
(b) Straight commission plan:Provides maximum incentive and is easy to
compute and understand. It may be a percentage of sales but has the
following limitations
1.Emphasis is on sales volume rather than on profits
2.Customer service after the sale is likely to be neglected
3.Earnings tend to fluctuate between good and bad business periods
4.Salespeople are tempted to grant price concessions
(c ) Combined salary and commission plan: This is widely used and
there is the 70/30 distribution reasons being:has a right mix with
advantages of both the above systems; affords greaer flexibility could
maximize company profits;can develop favourable ration of expenses
to sales and the sales force can be motivated to meet marketing goals.
Job Satisfaction
Definition: ³ A pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the
appraisal of one¶s job experience´
From the above it can be inferred that job satisfaction is the consequence
of employee¶s perception of how well his job provides him those
things which are considered to be important.
Job Satisfaction has three important aspects:
1. It can be said to be an emotional response( cannot be seen) to the job
situation
2. It will be measured in terms of how well the end results match(or
meet) or exceed expectations
3. It is always referred to in terms of several related attitudes
There are various factors which affect Job Satisfaction:
(a) Pay
(b) The Work
(c) Promotions
(d) Supervision
(e) Work Group
(f) Working Conditions
Job Satisfaction( contd.)
Ways of measuring Job Satisfaction:
01 ±
1. General rating scales
2. Popular rating scales
Minnesota Satisfaction Questionaire
Job Description Index
Porter Need Identification Questionaire
01 |
This method was popularized by Frederick Herzberg and covers
incidents in the job situation which were particularly satisfying and
dissatisfying and related to those positive and negative attitudes.
(c ) |)
This method provides an opportunities for in-depth interaction and
clarification but the interviewer could be prejudiced and the manner
of questioning and recording the information could affect the
result.:esides the method is time-consuming and expensive.
Job Satisfaction ( contd.)
01K
Here the respondents are asked on how they feel like behaving with
respect to certain aspects of their job.
|*±(
There is a big debate on whether job satisfaction has a positive effect on
productivity. :ut employees with satisfied employees are more effective
than those with dissatisfied employees.Just as job satisfaction is a result
of work experience, organizational effectiveness can be improved by
identification of causes for high dissatisfaction.
It must be noted that there is no definite linkage between satisfaction and
productivity. In other words,satisfied workers need not be the highest
producers.
*±K
Research has shown that there is an inverse relationship between job
satisfaction and absenteeism.When Job satisfaction is high, absenteeism.
And when satisfaction is low, absenteeism is high.When an employee
feels is not that important he tends to remain frequently absent.
Job Satisfaction (contd.)
*±
-:etter mental health and physical health
-Enthusiasm to learn new job-related tasks
-Fewer on- the- job accidents and grievances
-Likely to engage in pro-social behaviour- tries to help colleagues,
customers and will to be cooperative
Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Productivity, Turnover
and Absenteeism